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. 2023 Apr 24;9(5):e15723. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15723

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© 2023 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5 — The observed association of the decreased antioxidant enzymes and non-observed association of sperm DNA fragmentation with Alcohol consumption. a. Forest plot for the effect of alcohol consumption and antioxidant enzymes in semen; b. Forest plot for the effect of alcohol consumption and sperm DNA fragmentation; c. Evaluation of publication bias regarding antioxidant enzymes in semen using Egger publication bias plot; d. Evaluation of publication bias about sperm DNA fragmentation using Egger publication bias plot.