Table 2.
Subgroup analysis of the associations between alcohol consumption at different levels on male reproductive function.
| Research Index | Comparison between subgroups of alcohol consumption at different levels |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcoholics Vs. No alcoholics |
Moderate alcoholics vs. No alcoholics |
Heavy alcoholics vs. No alcoholics |
Heavy alcoholics vs. Moderate alcoholics |
|||||||||||||
| n | men | SMD (95% CI) | n | men | SMD (95% CI) | n | men | SMD (95% CI) | n | men | SMD (95% CI) | |||||
| Sperm parameter | ||||||||||||||||
| Semen volume (ml) | 18 | 17,144 | −0.51 (−0.77, −0.25) | ↓ | 6 | 3148 | −0.71 (−1.85, 0.42) | ↔ | 9 | 6869 | −0.48 (−0.86, −0.11) | ↓ | 8 | 2820 | −0.05 (−0.15, 005) | ↔ |
| Concentration (106/mL) | 23 | 19,436 | 0.15 (−0.14, 0.43) | ↔ | 8 | 3859 | −0.02 (−0.18, 0.15) | ↔ | 11 | 7383 | −0.06 (−0.25, 0.12) | ↔ | 10 | 3641 | −0.09 (−0.29, 0.11) | ↔ |
| Progressive motility (%) | 22 | 18,549 | 0.11 (−0.17, 0.40) | ↔ | 7 | 3276 | 0.35 (−0.10, 0.79) | ↔ | 10 | 6959 | 0.19 (−0.14, 0.52) | ↔ | 9 | 2874 | −0.31 (−0.67, 0.04) | ↔ |
| Normal morphology | 12 | 14,296 | −0.43 (−1.35, 0.49) | ↔ | 3 | 1331 | −0.08 (−0.28, 0.13) | ↔ | 5 | 5700 | −0.09 (−0.15, −0.03) | ↔ | 5 | 1154 | −0.29 (−0.79, 0.21) | ↔ |
| Abnormal morphology | 9 | 2071 | 0.10 (−0.58, 0.77) | ↔ | 3 | 1011 | 0.10 (−0.05, 0.24) | ↔ | 4 | 1271 | −0.22 (−1.21, 0.77) | ↔ | 3 | 300 | 0.09 (−0.20, 0.38) | ↔ |
| Antioxidant and sperm DNA fragmentation | ||||||||||||||||
| Antioxidant | 7 | 1400 | 7.93 (−12.59, −3.28) | ↓ | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| DNA fragmentation | 9 | 1883 | 0.59 (−0.17, 1.34) | ↔ | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Hormone | ||||||||||||||||
| Testosterone | 17 | 13,373 | −1.60 (−2.05, −1.15) | ↓ | 4 | 1676 | 0.05 (−0.09, 0.18) | ↔ | 7 | 6415 | −1.92 (−2.70, −1.13) | ↓ | 5 | 1981 | 0.02 (−0.26, 0.29) | ↔ |
| Estradiol | 8 | 4143 | −0.03 (−0.47, 0.41) | ↔ | 3 | 1577 | 0.01 (−0.18, 0.20) | ↔ | 3 | 855 | 0.22 (0.00, 0.44) | ↑ | 4 | 1808 | 0.54 (0.06, 1.02) | ↑ |
| FSH | 12 | 9375 | −0.47 (−0.88, 0.05) | ↓ | 3 | 1577 | 0.04 (−0.11, 0.20) | ↔ | 6 | 6208 | −0.77 (−1.47, −0.06) | ↓ | 3 | 1732 | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | ↔ |
| LH | 12 | 11,458 | −1.35 (−1.86, −0.83) | ↓ | 3 | 1577 | −0.03 (−0.19, 0.13) | ↔ | 5 | 5849 | 0.06 (0.01, 0.12) | ↑ | 4 | 1808 | 0.22 (0.00, 0.43) | ↑ |
| Inhibin B | 5 | 10,782 | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) | ↔ | 3 | 1577 | −0.07 (−0.22, 0.08) | ↔ | 3 | 855 | −0.09 (−0.24, 0.05) | ↔ | 3 | 1732 | −0.09 (−0.24, 0.05) | ↔ |
| SHBG2 | 6 | 11,215 | −0.05 (−0.31, 0.20) | ↔ | 2 | 994 | −0.01 (−0.17, 0.15) | ↔ | 4 | 5425 | −0.11 (−0.33, 0.11) | ↔ | 2 | 965 | −0.01 (−0.17, 0.15) | ↔ |
n: publication number; men: number of men participating in the study; SMD: Standard mean difference.
↑: uptrend; ↓: downtrend; ↔: trend does not change; N/A: no data available.