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. 2023 May 6;19:15. doi: 10.1186/s13005-023-00362-5

Table 1.

Classification of orthodontic treatment need using German orthodontic indication groups (KIG). A severity grade score more than or equal to 3 is the cut-off for orthodontic treatment for children (aged less than 18 years) in the public health insurance system

Malocclusion Severity grade
1 2 3 4 5
A Craniofacial Anomalies Cleft palate and syndromes
U

Missing

teeth

Agenesis or loss
S Disturbance in tooth eruption Impaction Displacement
D

Sagittal discrepancy

increased overjet

< 3 mm 3–6 mm > 6–9 mm > 9 mm
M

Sagittal discrepancy

negative overjet

0–3 mm > 3 mm
O

Vertical discrepancy

open bite

< 1 mm > 1–2 mm > 2–4 mm > 4 mm, habitually open > 4 mm, skeletally open
T

Vertical discrepancy

deep bite

> 1–3 mm > 3 mm, with / without mucosal contact > 3 mm, with traumatic mucosal impingement
B Transverse discrepancy Scissors bite
K

Transverse discrepancy

crossbite

Buccolingually

cusp-to-cusp relation

Bilateral crossbite Unilateral crossbite
E Contact point displacement < 1 mm > 1–3 mm > 3–5 mm > 5 mm
P

Space

deficiency

< 3 mm > 3–4 mm > 4 mm
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