Table 3.

Comparison of different methods for exosome recognition

Type	Substrate	Detection limit	Methods	Refs.
Colorimetric biosensors	Paper-based lateral flow biosensor	8.5 × 105 particles/μL	Antibody enrichment	[158]
Fluorescent biosensors	Solution-based biosensor	4.8 × 104 particles/μL	Magnetic enrichment	[159]
SPR biosensors	Gold chip-based biosensor	8.28 × 103 exosomes/μL	Antibody microarrays	[160]
Electrochemical biosensors	Electrode-based biosensor (carbon electrode)	100 particles/μL	Magnetic enrichment	[161]
SERS sensor	AuNR array biosensor	5.3 × 103 particles/μL	Labeling Method	[162]
SERS sensor	Au nanostar biosensor	27 particles/μL	Labeling Method	[163]
SERS sensor	Ag@Au Nanoparticles	1 particles/2μL	Labeling Method	[153]
SERS sensor	MoS2-AuNSs aptamers	17 particles/μL	Labeling Method	[79]
SERS sensor	Au nanostar	2.4 particles/μL	Labeling Method	[154]
SERS sonsor	Au nanoparticles	106 particles/μL	Label-free Method	[36]
SERS sonsor	Ag/BP-NS biosensor	5 × 104 particles/μL	Label-free Method	[157]
SERS sonsor	Nano-porous gold	100 particles/μL	Label-free Method	[164]