Table 7.

Summary of studies that investigate available α₂-agonists and show various effects on corneal endothelium

α2-agonists	Study	Type of study	Effect
Brimonidine	Wu et al. (2006) [21]	In vitro	Brimonidine at 68 μM and 6.8 μM for 200 s decreased intracellular Ca2+ concentration in cultured bovine CECs
Brimonidine	Wu et al. (2007) [31]	In vitro	Brimonidine at 68.0 μM increased LDH release compared with controls in cultured bovine CECs
Brimonidine	Grueb et al. (2008) [64]	In vitro	Brimonidine at 10–8 and 10–6 mg/ml revealed a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular cAMP from 0.206 pmol/ml to 0.089 pmol/ml in bovine corneal endothelial cells
Brimonidine	Grueb et al. (2011) [62]	In vivo	0.1% brimonidine significantly increased CCT from baseline and returned to almost the same level of baseline 2 days later. (p = 0.276). Corneal endothelium showed no signs of increased thickness

CECs corneal endothelial cells, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, CCT central corneal thickness, Ca²⁺ intracellular calcium, cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate