Table 5.

The effect of multimorbidity on participation forms

	Turnout	Contacting politicians	Working in a party	Working in an association
Multimorbidity index	0.026	0.146**	0.061*	0.136**
	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.026)	(0.028)
Multimorbidity * Age interaction	−0.008	−0.016**	−0.006	−0.020**
	(0.004)	(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.005)
Age	1.893**	−0.099	−0.473	−0.525
	(0.212)	(0.470)	(0.289)	(0.295)
Age * Age	−0.280**	0.064	0.125*	0.139*
	(0.046)	(0.088)	(0.055)	(0.055)
Age * Age * Age	0.014**	−0.005	−0.009**	−0.010**
	(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.003)	(0.003)
Female	−0.011	−0.204**	−0.251**	−0.150**
	(0.020)	(0.028)	(0.050)	(0.022)
Education	0.652**	0.680**	0.749**	0.865**
	(0.141)	(0.066)	(0.101)	(0.073)
Studying	−0.248**	0.047	0.073	0.195**
	(0.088)	(0.042)	(0.076)	(0.051)
Unemployed	−0.253**	−0.063*	0.068	−0.171**
	(0.050)	(0.031)	(0.086)	(0.038)
Retired	0.168**	−0.111**	−0.047	−0.057
	(0.063)	(0.032)	(0.098)	(0.072)
Other	−0.080**	−0.076	0.086	−0.106**
	(0.029)	(0.048)	(0.061)	(0.036)
Children at home	−0.091**	0.067	0.021	0.025
	(0.032)	(0.048)	(0.031)	(0.035)
Living in suburbs of big city	0.004	0.024	−0.101**	−0.051
	(0.024)	(0.025)	(0.032)	(0.034)
Living in small city	−0.034	0.042	−0.087	0.020
	(0.025)	(0.066)	(0.049)	(0.061)
Living in village	0.010	0.173*	−0.096	0.023
	(0.026)	(0.076)	(0.084)	(0.089)
Living in countryside	−0.030	0.147*	0.021	0.105
	(0.044)	(0.063)	(0.090)	(0.088)
Coping on present income	−0.131**	−0.083*	−0.050	−0.159**
	(0.021)	(0.035)	(0.040)	(0.011)
Difficult on present income	−0.325**	−0.105*	−0.104**	−0.249**
	(0.033)	(0.053)	(0.032)	(0.059)
Very difficult on present income	−0.440**	−0.026	−0.169	−0.301**
	(0.039)	(0.092)	(0.105)	(0.094)
Not born in country	−0.956**	−0.120	−0.063	−0.071
	(0.122)	(0.066)	(0.103)	(0.045)
Divorced	−0.353**	−0.052	−0.016	−0.083**
	(0.021)	(0.049)	(0.069)	(0.024)
Widow	−0.187**	−0.052	−0.083	0.015
	(0.053)	(0.052)	(0.115)	(0.061)
Never married	−0.132**	−0.164**	−0.057	−0.078
	(0.040)	(0.038)	(0.064)	(0.045)
Intercept	−4.616**	−3.084**	−3.137**	−2.666**
	(0.233)	(0.660)	(0.510)	(0.452)
Country level variance	0.082	0.022	0.048	0.147
	(0.026)	(0.011)	(0.018)	(0.035)
N	34,299	34,505	34,507	33,329

	Wearing a badge	Signing petitions	Demonstrations	Boycotting
Multimorbidity index	0.165**	0.169**	0.135**	0.102**
	(0.023)	(0.027)	(0.016)	(0.027)
Multimorbidity * Age interaction	−0.022**	−0.020**	−0.022**	−0.007
	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.003)	(0.004)
Age	−0.388	0.490**	0.121	0.573**
	(0.270)	(0.091)	(0.210)	(0.145)
Age * Age	0.087	−0.064**	0.001	−0.061
	(0.053)	(0.019)	(0.050)	(0.031)
Age * Age * Age	−0.005	0.002	−0.001	0.001
	(0.003)	(0.001)	(0.003)	(0.002)
Female	−0.002	0.027	−0.095**	0.059*
	(0.032)	(0.016)	(0.009)	(0.030)
Education	0.552**	0.896**	0.576**	0.795**
	(0.069)	(0.058)	(0.042)	(0.062)
Studying	0.114*	0.082	0.128*	0.158*
	(0.057)	(0.053)	(0.051)	(0.064)
Unemployed	−0.077	−0.081	−0.003	0.011
	(0.044)	(0.056)	(0.070)	(0.038)
Retired	−0.167**	0.039	−0.110*	−0.045
	(0.046)	(0.069)	(0.048)	(0.076)
Other	−0.124*	−0.039	−0.149*	−0.045
	(0.062)	(0.037)	(0.072)	(0.028)
Children at home	−0.093**	−0.020	−0.060	−0.037
	(0.015)	(0.031)	(0.036)	(0.031)
Living in suburbs of big city	−0.098**	−0.018	−0.306**	−0.111*
	(0.035)	(0.037)	(0.046)	(0.056)
Living in small city	−0.107**	−0.120**	−0.311**	−0.180**
	(0.040)	(0.026)	(0.061)	(0.060)
Living in village	−0.127**	−0.144**	−0.483**	−0.225*
	(0.037)	(0.045)	(0.047)	(0.090)
Living in countryside	−0.191*	−0.188**	−0.511**	−0.074
	(0.082)	(0.048)	(0.081)	(0.089)
Coping on present income	−0.091**	−0.060	−0.038	−0.109**
	(0.025)	(0.041)	(0.028)	(0.042)
Difficult on present income	−0.060	−0.172**	−0.032	−0.057
	(0.056)	(0.038)	(0.023)	(0.041)
Very difficult on present income	−0.181*	−0.206*	−0.090	−0.167
	(0.081)	(0.083)	(0.055)	(0.106)
Not born in country	−0.123	−0.287**	0.040	−0.131**
	(0.085)	(0.091)	(0.093)	(0.047)
Divorced	0.108	0.034	0.096	−0.067**
	(0.081)	(0.042)	(0.063)	(0.022)
Widow	−0.001	−0.089	−0.176	−0.139**
	(0.071)	(0.050)	(0.098)	(0.054)
Never married	−0.078	0.004	0.078	0.038
	(0.086)	(0.049)	(0.099)	(0.043)
Intercept	−2.243**	−3.760**	−2.942**	−4.147**
	(0.209)	(0.247)	(0.234)	(0.216)
Country level variance	0.079	0.108	0.150	0.192
	(0.025)	(0.041)	(0.062)	(0.061)
N	34,506	34,448	34,514	34,428