Santina 2011.
| Methods | Country: Spain, Barcelona Setting: Hospital Design: Uncontrolled before‐and‐after study Analysis: Descriptive analysis |
|
| Participants | Pre‐/post‐ cross‐sectional surveys 2004 and 2007. Used European smoke‐free hospital network questionnaire 24 questions. Random sample of staff stratified by age, gender and occupation from population of 4077. 4% accuracy and 95% CI. Interviewer‐administered (medical students). Same methodology for both surveys. 483 staff members at baseline 2004. Women: 68.9% Men: 31.1%. Age: 42.69 (SD 10.57) 425 staff post‐ban 2007. Women: 69.2% Men: 30.8%. Age: 43.7 (SD 10.65) |
|
| Interventions | National smoking law introduced on January 1st 2006 and indoor smoking banned | |
| Outcomes | Smoking prevalence amongst staff | |
| Notes | National Ban: Yes. Enacted 1 Jan 2006 Spain had a partial ban upon smoking in public places. Offices, schools, hospitals and public transportation were smoke‐free, but restaurants and bars could create a "smokers' section" or allow smoking if they were small (under 100 m²). Biochemical Verification: No, self‐reported smoking status Follow‐up period: 12 months Sample size calculation: Yes Translated paper |
|
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | Not applicable |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | Not applicable |
| Sampling bias (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Random sample of staff stratified by age, gender and occupation |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Not applicable. Interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Hawthorne effect |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Self‐reported smoking |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Expected outcomes reported |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Expected outcome reported |
| Other bias | Unclear risk | Different interviewers If staff member did not want to participate, they were replaced by another matched for age, sex, occupation Media, advertising as part of ban may have influenced staff Self‐reported smoking status |