Table 1.
Characteristics of the MIMS2 Sample by Sex (n = 263).
| Women (n = 127) | Men (n = 136) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Demographic Factors | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 50.7 (7.2) | 51.2 (5.8) | 0.56 |
| Age > 50, n (%) | 78 (61.4) | 86 (63.2) | 0.76 |
| Black/African American, n (%) | 96 (75.6) | 76 (55.9) | 0.001 |
| Education > 12 years, n (%) | 75 (59.1) | 78 (58.2) | 0.89 |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | |||
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 33.2 (8.9) | 30.3 (5.5) | 0.002 |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 69 (54.3) | 74 (54.4) | 0.99 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 105 (82.7) | 109 (80.2) | 0.60 |
| History of dyslipidemia, n (%) | 104 (81.9) | 109 (80.2) | 0.72 |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 46 (36.2) | 38 (27.9) | 0.15 |
| Psychosocial Risk Factors | |||
| Beck Depression Inventory, median (IQR) | 11.0 (5.0, 19.0) | 7.0 (4.0, 15.0) | 0.01 |
| Lifetime history of PTSD, n (%) | 23 (18.4) | 15 (11.3) | 0.11 |
| Current PTSD, n (%) | 15 (12.0) | 13 (9.8) | 0.57 |
| PTSD Symptom Checklist, median (IQR) | 28.5 (22.0, 43.0) | 26.0 (20.0, 38.0) | 0.06 |
| Perceived Stress Scale, median (IQR) | 17.0 (11.0, 24.0) | 15.0 (9.0, 22.0) | 0.08 |
| State Anxiety, median (IQR) | 34.5 (26.0, 45.0) | 32.0 (25.0, 45.0) | 0.39 |
| Trait Anxiety, median (IQR) | 37.0 (31.0, 48.0) | 35.0 (26.0, 48.0) | 0.12 |
| Subjective Units of Distress, mean (SD)* | 29.5 (35.3) | 23.7 (26.1) | 0.14 |
| Medications | |||
| Beta Blocker, n (%) | 109 (86.5) | 115 (84.6) | 0.65 |
| Statins, n (%) | 105 (83.3) | 118 (86.8) | 0.44 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 103 (81.8) | 108 (79.4) | 0.63 |
| ACE Inhibitors, n (%) | 57 (45.2) | 65 (47.8) | 0.68 |
| Clinical Characteristics | |||
| History of congestive heart failure, n (%) | 15 (11.8) | 12 (8.8) | 0.43 |
| History revascularization, n (%) | 101 (79.5) | 111 (81.6) | 0.67 |
| LV ejection fraction, mean (SD) | 52.9 (12.6) | 48.4 (12.6) | 0.002 |
| Gensini CAD severity score, mean (SD) | 2.7 (1.5) | 3.2 (1.5) | 0.01 |
| Mental stress induced myocardial ischemia, n (%) | 27 (21.6) | 19 (14.1) | 0.06 |
| Vascular Function | |||
| Baseline RHI, mean (SD) | 1.70 (0.56) | 1.84 (0.54) | 0.04 |
| Stress RHI, mean (SD) | 1.64 (0.61) | 1.81 (0.58) | 0.02 |
| RHI Response, mean (SD) | −0.06 (0.54) | −0.03 (0.50) | 0.60 |
| RHI Response < 0, n (%) | 73 (57.5) | 65 (47.8) | 0.12 |
| Baseline FMD, mean (SD) | 4.00 (2.90) | 3.65 (2.58) | 0.29 |
| FMD Stress, mean (SD) | 2.24 (2.27) | 2.01 (2.39) | 0.41 |
| FMD Response, mean (SD) | −1.76 (2.02) | −1.63 (2.03) | 0.63 |
| FMD Response < 0, n (%) | 106 (83.5) | 118 (86.8) | 0.45 |
*
Difference between posttest and pretest values. A positive value indicates higher distress with mental stress.
Abbreviations: ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI: Body mass index; FMD: Flow mediated dilation; LV: Left ventricular; PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder; RHI: Reactive hyperemia index.