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. 2023 Jan 21;30(5):558–586. doi: 10.5551/jat.CR005
1+ High-quality RCTs and their MA/SR
1 Other RCTs and their MA/SR
2 Prospective cohort studies, their MA/SR, (predefined) RCT subanalysis
3 Non-randomized controlled trials, before-and-after studies, retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, and their MA/SR and RCT post hoc subanalysis
4 Cross-sectional studies, case series
Consensus By consensus of the supervisory committee members and the members who prepared the report

RCT: randomized controlled trial, MA: meta-analysis, SR: systematic review

A high-quality RCT is defined as (1) large number of subjects, (2) double-blind, independent assessment, (3) high follow-up rate (low dropout rate), (3) low protocol deviation, (4) clear random allocation method, etc.