Table 1.
Patient Characteristics | No OAC (N = 10,484) | OAC (N = 4405) | Total (N = 14,889) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
OAC use | ||||
Warfarin | 0 (0.0%) | 473 (10.7%) | 473 (3.2%) | <0.0001 |
NOAC | 0 (0.0%) | 4000 (90.8%) | 4000 (26.9%) | <0.0001 |
Age (years) | <0.0001 | |||
Mean (SD) | 50.1 (11.0) | 54.0 (8.9) | 51.2 (10.5) | |
Median | 53 | 56 | 54 | |
Q1, Q3 | 43.0, 59.0 | 50.0, 61.0 | 45.0, 60.0 | |
Range | (18.0–64.0) | (18.0–64.0) | (18.0–64.0) | |
Gender | <0.0001 | |||
Female | 3396 (32.4%) | 1164 (26.4%) | 4560 (30.6%) | |
Male | 7088 (67.6%) | 3241 (73.6%) | 10329 (69.4%) | |
Region | 0.0029 | |||
Midwest | 3338 (31.8%) | 1526 (34.6%) | 4864 (32.7%) | |
Northeast | 1009 (9.6%) | 425 (9.6%) | 1434 (9.6%) | |
South | 4029 (38.4%) | 1649 (37.4%) | 5678 (38.1%) | |
Unknown | 81 (0.8%) | 21 (0.5%) | 102 (0.7%) | |
West | 2027 (19.3%) | 784 (17.8%) | 2811 (18.9%) | |
Health plan | 0.0112 | |||
Commercial | 9904 (94.5%) | 4206 (95.5%) | 14110 (94.8%) | |
Medicare Advantage | 580 (5.5%) | 199 (4.5%) | 779 (5.2%) | |
HAS-BLED | <0.0001 | |||
Mean (SD) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.6) | |
Median | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q1, Q3 | 0.0, 1.0 | 0.0, 1.0 | 0.0, 1.0 | |
Range | (0.0–4.0) | (0.0–4.0) | (0.0–4.0) | |
HAS-BLED components | ||||
Age > 65 years | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
CKD | 61 (0.6%) | 19 (0.4%) | 80 (0.5%) | 0.2515 |
Stroke | 29 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 29 (0.2%) | 0.0005 |
Ischemic stroke | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
TIA | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
Anemia/Major bleed | 2204 (21.0%) | 732 (16.6%) | 2936 (19.7%) | <0.0001 |
Anemia | 1361 (13.0%) | 457 (10.4%) | 1818 (12.2%) | <0.0001 |
Major bleed | 1133 (10.8%) | 354 (8.0%) | 1487 (10.0%) | <0.0001 |
Liver disease | 777 (7.4%) | 258 (5.9%) | 1035 (7.0%) | 0.0007 |
Alcoholism | 447 (4.3%) | 133 (3.0%) | 580 (3.9%) | 0.0003 |
Thienopyridine /NSAIDs | 784 (7.5%) | 294 (6.7%) | 1078 (7.2%) | 0.0841 |
Thienopyridine | * | * | 16 (0.1%) | 0.1341 |
NSAIDs | * | * | 1064 (7.1%) | 0.1288 |
Other comorbidities | ||||
Myocardial infarction | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
Falls | 558 (5.3%) | 184 (4.2%) | 742 (5.0%) | 0.0034 |
Hyperlipidemia | 3405 (32.5%) | 1373 (31.2%) | 4778 (32.1%) | 0.1184 |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 44 (0.4%) | 33 (0.7%) | 77 (0.5%) | 0.0105 |
Smoking | 1940 (18.5%) | 795 (18.0%) | 2735 (18.4%) | 0.5113 |
Obesity | 1632 (15.6%) | 842 (19.1%) | 2474 (16.6%) | <0.0001 |
COPD | 260 (2.5%) | 98 (2.2%) | 358 (2.4%) | 0.3535 |
Obstructive sleep apnea | 1303 (12.4%) | 503 (11.4%) | 1806 (12.1%) | 0.0850 |
Skilled nursing facility | 135 (1.3%) | 51 (1.2%) | 186 (1.2%) | 0.5148 |
Extracranial bleeding | 1093 (10.4%) | 350 (7.9%) | 1443 (9.7%) | <0.0001 |
ESRD requiring dialysis | * | * | * | 0.1123 |
Gastrointestinal lesions | 277 (2.6%) | 89 (2.0%) | 366 (2.5%) | 0.0254 |
End stage liver disease | 40 (0.4%) | 12 (0.3%) | 52 (0.3%) | 0.3030 |
Interventions | ||||
Catheter ablation | 215 (2.1%) | 76 (1.7%) | 291 (2.0%) | 0.1904 |
Cardioversion | 404 (3.9%) | 216 (4.9%) | 620 (4.2%) | 0.0034 |
Surgical ablation/MAZE | * | * | * | 0.8869 |
Implanted device | 0.0467 | |||
None | 10185 (97.1%) | 4315 (98.0%) | 14500 (97.4%) | |
CRT defibrillator | * | * | * | |
ICD | 85 (0.8%) | 25 (0.6%) | 110 (0.7%) | |
CRT pacemaker | 65 (0.6%) | 17 (0.4%) | 82 (0.6%) | |
Dual chamber pacemaker | 112 (1.1%) | 33 (0.7%) | 145 (1.0%) | |
Single chamber pacemaker | * | * | * | |
CABG | * | * | * | 0.4877 |
PCI | * | * | * | 0.2057 |
Healthcare Utilization | ||||
Number of AF hospitalizations | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.8231 |
Number of non-AF hospitalizations | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.3) | <0.0001 |
All-cause hospital days | 7.3 (9.9) | 4.5 (3.7) | 6.6 (8.9) | 0.0011 |
Events within past 3 months | ||||
Ischemic stroke or systemic embolism | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
Major bleed | * | * | * | 0.0407 |
Intracranial bleed | * | * | * | 0.1472 |
Number of events within past 12 months, mean (SD) | ||||
Ischemic stroke or systemic embolism | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | – |
Major bleed | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.7664 |
Intracranial bleed | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1123 |
Baseline comparison of patient characteristics stratified according to oral anticoagulant use within the low-risk group. (*Cell size less than 11 are suppressed to protect patient confidentiality.).
Abbreviations: Oral anticoagulant (OAC); Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC); coronary artery disease (CAD); peripheral artery disease (PAD); chronic kidney disease (CKD); transient ischemic attack; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); end-stage renal disease (ESRD); implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD); coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).