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. 2023 Apr 25;46:101212. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101212

Table 1.

Patient Characteristics (low-risk group).

Patient Characteristics No OAC (N = 10,484) OAC (N = 4405) Total (N = 14,889) p value
OAC use
Warfarin 0 (0.0%) 473 (10.7%) 473 (3.2%) <0.0001
NOAC 0 (0.0%) 4000 (90.8%) 4000 (26.9%) <0.0001
Age (years) <0.0001
Mean (SD) 50.1 (11.0) 54.0 (8.9) 51.2 (10.5)
Median 53 56 54
Q1, Q3 43.0, 59.0 50.0, 61.0 45.0, 60.0
Range (18.0–64.0) (18.0–64.0) (18.0–64.0)
Gender <0.0001
Female 3396 (32.4%) 1164 (26.4%) 4560 (30.6%)
Male 7088 (67.6%) 3241 (73.6%) 10329 (69.4%)
Region 0.0029
Midwest 3338 (31.8%) 1526 (34.6%) 4864 (32.7%)
Northeast 1009 (9.6%) 425 (9.6%) 1434 (9.6%)
South 4029 (38.4%) 1649 (37.4%) 5678 (38.1%)
Unknown 81 (0.8%) 21 (0.5%) 102 (0.7%)
West 2027 (19.3%) 784 (17.8%) 2811 (18.9%)
Health plan 0.0112
Commercial 9904 (94.5%) 4206 (95.5%) 14110 (94.8%)
Medicare Advantage 580 (5.5%) 199 (4.5%) 779 (5.2%)
HAS-BLED <0.0001
Mean (SD) 0.4 (0.7) 0.3 (0.6) 0.4 (0.6)
Median 0 0 0
Q1, Q3 0.0, 1.0 0.0, 1.0 0.0, 1.0
Range (0.0–4.0) (0.0–4.0) (0.0–4.0)
HAS-BLED components
Age > 65 years 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
CKD 61 (0.6%) 19 (0.4%) 80 (0.5%) 0.2515
Stroke 29 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 29 (0.2%) 0.0005
Ischemic stroke 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
TIA 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Anemia/Major bleed 2204 (21.0%) 732 (16.6%) 2936 (19.7%) <0.0001
Anemia 1361 (13.0%) 457 (10.4%) 1818 (12.2%) <0.0001
Major bleed 1133 (10.8%) 354 (8.0%) 1487 (10.0%) <0.0001
Liver disease 777 (7.4%) 258 (5.9%) 1035 (7.0%) 0.0007
Alcoholism 447 (4.3%) 133 (3.0%) 580 (3.9%) 0.0003
Thienopyridine /NSAIDs 784 (7.5%) 294 (6.7%) 1078 (7.2%) 0.0841
Thienopyridine * * 16 (0.1%) 0.1341
NSAIDs * * 1064 (7.1%) 0.1288
Other comorbidities
Myocardial infarction 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Falls 558 (5.3%) 184 (4.2%) 742 (5.0%) 0.0034
Hyperlipidemia 3405 (32.5%) 1373 (31.2%) 4778 (32.1%) 0.1184
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 44 (0.4%) 33 (0.7%) 77 (0.5%) 0.0105
Smoking 1940 (18.5%) 795 (18.0%) 2735 (18.4%) 0.5113
Obesity 1632 (15.6%) 842 (19.1%) 2474 (16.6%) <0.0001
COPD 260 (2.5%) 98 (2.2%) 358 (2.4%) 0.3535
Obstructive sleep apnea 1303 (12.4%) 503 (11.4%) 1806 (12.1%) 0.0850
Skilled nursing facility 135 (1.3%) 51 (1.2%) 186 (1.2%) 0.5148
Extracranial bleeding 1093 (10.4%) 350 (7.9%) 1443 (9.7%) <0.0001
ESRD requiring dialysis * * * 0.1123
Gastrointestinal lesions 277 (2.6%) 89 (2.0%) 366 (2.5%) 0.0254
End stage liver disease 40 (0.4%) 12 (0.3%) 52 (0.3%) 0.3030
Interventions
Catheter ablation 215 (2.1%) 76 (1.7%) 291 (2.0%) 0.1904
Cardioversion 404 (3.9%) 216 (4.9%) 620 (4.2%) 0.0034
Surgical ablation/MAZE * * * 0.8869
Implanted device 0.0467
None 10185 (97.1%) 4315 (98.0%) 14500 (97.4%)
CRT defibrillator * * *
ICD 85 (0.8%) 25 (0.6%) 110 (0.7%)
CRT pacemaker 65 (0.6%) 17 (0.4%) 82 (0.6%)
Dual chamber pacemaker 112 (1.1%) 33 (0.7%) 145 (1.0%)
Single chamber pacemaker * * *
CABG * * * 0.4877
PCI * * * 0.2057
Healthcare Utilization
Number of AF hospitalizations 0.0 (0.1) 0.0 (0.1) 0.0 (0.1) 0.8231
Number of non-AF hospitalizations 0.1 (0.3) 0.0 (0.2) 0.1 (0.3) <0.0001
All-cause hospital days 7.3 (9.9) 4.5 (3.7) 6.6 (8.9) 0.0011
Events within past 3 months
Ischemic stroke or systemic embolism 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Major bleed * * * 0.0407
Intracranial bleed * * * 0.1472
Number of events within past 12 months, mean (SD)
Ischemic stroke or systemic embolism 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0)
Major bleed 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.7664
Intracranial bleed 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.1123

Baseline comparison of patient characteristics stratified according to oral anticoagulant use within the low-risk group. (*Cell size less than 11 are suppressed to protect patient confidentiality.).

Abbreviations: Oral anticoagulant (OAC); Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC); coronary artery disease (CAD); peripheral artery disease (PAD); chronic kidney disease (CKD); transient ischemic attack; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); end-stage renal disease (ESRD); implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD); coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).