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. 2023 Apr 24;4:1170434. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1170434

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Metformin suppressed the expression of ICAM-1 and prevented NF-κB activation following LPS stimulation. HUVECs were treated for 24 h with 0.5 µM DOX ± 5 mM metformin (added 24 h before DOX) or left untreated. Thereafter DOX was removed and the cells were incubated in DOX-free media with or without metformin for an additional 72 h. Then, cells were stimulated with LPS (30 ng/mL) for an additional 24 h. (A) Representative images of western blot are shown and the expression levels of (B) ICAM-1, (C) p21, and (D) phospho-NF-κB p65 were measured (n = 4). Values were normalized to α-tubulin and expressed relative to DOX + LPS treated cells. Expressed values are presented as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey multiple comparisons test. * compared to different treatment within the same group; ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p < 0.0001. # compared to non-senescent cells with the same treatment; # p <0.05, ### p <0.001, #### p < 0.0001.