Table 2.
Underlying or associated conditions in secondary warm AIHA.
Lymphoproliferative disorders | B-cell lymphoma (Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas) T-cell lymphoma (T-LGL leukemia, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma) Hodgkin lymphoma Castleman disease |
Other hematologic disorders | Myeloid neoplasms (Myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis) An associated immune cytopenia, usually ITP (Evans’syndrome) |
Solid tumors | Ovarian dermoid cyst or carcinoma Thymoma |
Non-hematologic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases | Rheumatologic diseases (SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome) Antiphospholipid syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Ulcerative colitis Sarcoidosis Eosinophilic fasciitis |
Primary immunodeficiencies | Common variable immunodeficiency Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome |
Infections | Viruses (EBV, hepatitis, CMV, HIV, SARS-CoV-2) Bacteria (Tuberculosis, brucellosis) Protozoa (Babesiosis) |
Transplantations | Allogenic bone marrow transplantation Organ transplantation (Liver, small bowel) |
Some ultra-rare conditions have been omitted. CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ITP, immune thrombocytopenia; LGL, large granular lymphocyte; SARS-CoV, severe adult respiratory syndrome corona virus; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.