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. 2023 Apr 24;14:1143548. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143548

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Copyright © 2023 Zheng, Zhang, Tang, Wu, Zhang, Li, Wang, Wan, Yao and Yuan

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plots of the effect of probiotics on intestinal barrier function. (A) TER, (B) Serum zonulin, (C) ET, (D) LPS, (E) Fecal zonulin, (F) L/M, (G) L/R, (H) DAO, (I) D-LA. DAO, diamine oxidase; D-LA, D-lactic acid; ET, endotoxin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; L/M, lactulose to mannitol; L/R, lactulose to rhamnose.