Table 3.
Perceived risks and actions taken for cardiometabolic diseases.
| Questions | Response | Overall (%) | No Metabolic Risk Factor | Metabolic Risk Factor | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived risk | |||||
| How do you estimate your risk of developing coronary artery disease (blockage of blood vessels of the heart)? | Very high risk | 10 (2.9%) | 1 (0.4%) | 9 (7.6%) | <0.001 |
| High Risk | 65 (18.8%) | 29 (12.8%) | 36 (30.3%) | ||
| Neutral | 165 (47.8%) | 115 (50.9%) | 50 (42.0%) | ||
| Low Risk | 86 (24.9%) | 68 (30.1%) | 18 (15.1%) | ||
| Very Low Risk | 19 (5.5%) | 13 (5.8%) | 6 (5.0%) | ||
| How do you estimate your risk of developing stroke? | Very High Risk | 5 (1.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (2.5%) | <0.001 |
| High Risk | 63 (18.3%) | 22 (9.7%) | 41 (34.5%) | ||
| Neutral | 173 (50.1%) | 121 (53.5%) | 52 (43.7%) | ||
| Low Risk | 83 (24.1%) | 66 (29.2%) | 17 (14.3%) | ||
| Very Low Risk | 21 (6.1%) | 15 (6.6%) | 6 (5.0%) | ||
| How do you estimate your risk of developing fatty liver disease (an abnormal accumulation of fats in the liver cells)? | Very High Risk | 9 (2.6%) | 4 (1.8%) | 5 (4.2%) | 0.003 |
| High Risk | 52 (15.1%) | 25 (11.1%) | 27 (22.7%) | ||
| Neutral | 174 (50.4%) | 114 (50.4%) | 60 (50.4%) | ||
| Low Risk | 87 (25.2%) | 69 (30.5%) | 18 (15.1%) | ||
| Very low risk | 23 (6.7%) | 14 (6.2%) | 9 (7.6%) | ||
| How do you estimate your risk of developing chronic kidney disease? | Very high risk | 5 (1.4%) | 1 (0.4%) | 4 (3.4%) | <0.001 |
| High risk | 34 (9.9%) | 15 (6.6%) | 19 (16.0%) | ||
| Neutral | 192 (55.7%) | 121 (53.5%) | 71 (60.0%) | ||
| Low risk | 94 (27.3%) | 76 (33.6%) | 18 (15.1%) | ||
| Very low risk | 20 (5.8%) | 13 (5.8%) | 7 (5.9%) | ||
| How worried are you about developing coronary artery disease (blockage of blood vessels of the heart)? | Very worried | 32 (9.3%) | 13 (5.8%) | 19 (16.0%) | 0.034 |
| Worried | 74 (21.4%) | 50 (22.1%) | 24 (20.2%) | ||
| Somewhat worried | 94 (27.2%) | 61 (27.0%) | 33 (27.7%) | ||
| A little worried | 99 (28.7%) | 70 (31.0%) | 29 (24.4%) | ||
| Not worried at all | 46 (13.3%) | 32 (14.2%) | 14 (11.8%) | ||
| How worried are you about getting a stroke? | Very Worried | 40 (11.6%) | 18 (8.0%) | 22 (18.5%) | 0.023 |
| Worried | 67 (19.4%) | 45 (19.9%) | 22 (18.5%) | ||
| Somewhat worried | 83 (24.1%) | 51 (22.6%) | 32 (26.9%) | ||
| A little worried | 98 (28.4%) | 70 (31.0%) | 28 (23.5%) | ||
| Not | 57 (16.5%) | 42 (18.6%) | 15 (12.6%) | ||
| How worried are you about developing fatty liver disease? | Very Worried | 28 (8.1%) | 13 (5.8%) | 15 (12.6%) | 0.063 |
| Worried | 51 (14.8%) | 33 (14.6%) | 18 (15.1%) | ||
| Somewhat Worried | 88 (25.5%) | 53 (23.5%) | 35 (29.4%) | ||
| A Little Worried | 96 (27.8%) | 71 (31.4%) | 25 (21.0%) | ||
| Not Worried at All | 82 (23.8%) | 56 (24.8%) | 26 (21.8%) | ||
| How worried are you about developing chronic kidney disease? | Very Worried | 34 (9.9%) | 18 (8.0%) | 16 (13.4%) | 0.152 |
| Worried | 54 (15.7%) | 32 (14.2%) | 22 (18.5%) | ||
| Somewhat Worried | 84 (24.3%) | 52 (23.0%) | 32 (26.9%) | ||
| A Little Worried | 102 (29.6%) | 73 (32.3%) | 29 (24.4%) | ||
| Not Worried at All | 71 (20.6%) | 51 (22.6%) | 20 (16.8%) | ||
| Actions taken | |||||
| In a typical week, how many minutes of moderate intensity exercise do you perform? (I.e., you are working hard enough to raise your heart rate and break a sweat/you’ll be able to talk, but not be able to sing a song) | 90 min^ | 235 (68.1%) | 163 (72.1%) | 72 (60.5%) | 0.060 |
| 91–149 min^ | 59 (1 7.1%) | 36 (15.9%) | 23 (19.3%) | ||
| 150 min* | 51 (14.8%) | 27 (11.9%) | 24 (20.2%) | ||
| In a typical week, how many minutes of vigorous intensity exercise do you perform? (I.e., you are breathing hard and fast. You will not be able to say more than a few words without pausing for a breath) | 30 min^ | 210 (60.9%) | 133 (58.8%) | 77 (64.7%) | 0.390 |
| 31–75 min^ | 100 (29.0%) | 71 (31.4%) | 29 (24.4%) | ||
| 75 min* | 35 (10.1%) | 22 (9.7%) | 13 (10.9%) | ||
| I make a conscious effort to reduce the amount of fat in my diet | Strongly Agree | 32 (9.3%) | 17 (7.5%) | 15 (12.6%) | 0.081 |
| Agree | 160 (46.4%) | 102 (45.1%) | 58 (48.7%) | ||
| Neutral | 98 (28.4%) | 63 (27.9%) | 35 (29.4%) | ||
| Disagree | 44 (12.8%) | 34 (15.0%) | 10 (8.4%) | ||
| Strongly disagree | 11 (3.2%) | 10 (4.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| I make a conscious effort to not exceed the recommended caloric intake in my diet (Aim 2,200 calories for Males and 1800 calories for Females) | Strongly agree | 19 (5.5%) | 13 (5.8%) | 6 (5.0%) | 0.238 |
| Agree | 90 (26.1%) | 53 (23.5%) | 37 (31.1%) | ||
| Neutral | 123 (35.7%) | 77 (34.1%) | 46 (38.7%) | ||
| Disagree | 88 (25.5%) | 64 (28.3%) | 24 (20.2%) | ||
| Strongly disagree | 25 (7.2%) | 19 (8.4%) | 6 (5.0%) | ||
| I make a conscious effort to reduce the amount of sugar in my diet (<10 teaspoon of sugar a day) | Strongly agree | 92 (26.7%) | 52 (23.0%) | 40 (33.6%) | 0.103 |
| Agree | 150 (43.5%) | 97 (42.9%) | 53 (44.5%) | ||
| Neutral | 51 (14.8%) | 37 (16.4%) | 14 (11.8%) | ||
| Disagree | 38 (11.0%) | 30 (13.3%) | 8 (6.7%) | ||
| Strongly disagree | 14 (4.1%) | 10 (4.4%) | 4 (3.4%) | ||
| I make a conscious effort to reduce the salt intake in my diet (<2 g of salt a day/do not add additional salt to meals) | Strongly agree | 36 (10.4%) | 22 (9.7%) | 14 (11.8%) | 0.067 |
| Agree | 131 (38.0%) | 77 (34.1%) | 54 (45.4%) | ||
| Neutral | 104 (30.1%) | 69 (30.5%) | 35 (29.4%) | ||
| Disagree | 56 (16.2%) | 45 (19.9%) | 11 (9.2%) | ||
| Strongly disagree | 18 (5.2%) | 13 (5.8%) | 5 (4.2%) | ||
| I make a conscious effort to reduce red meat and processed meat consumption (sausage and ham etc.) | Strongly agree | 41 (11.9%) | 29 (12.8%) | 12 (10.1%) | 0.045 |
| Agree | 132 (38.3%) | 74 (32.7%) | 58 (48.7%) | ||
| Neutral | 87 (25.2%) | 59 (26.1%) | 28 (23.5%) | ||
| disagree | 68 (19.7%) | 52 (23.0%) | 16 (13.4%) | ||
| Strongly disagree | 17 (4.9%) | 12 (5.3%) | 5 (4.2%) | ||
| I make a conscious effort to eat at least 2 servings of fruits and 2 servings of vegetables a day (one serving is one cup) | Strongly agree | 36 (10.4%) | 18 (8.0%) | 18 (15.1%) | 0.009 |
| Agree | 145 (42.0%) | 95 (42.0%) | 50 (42.0%) | ||
| Neutral | 93 (27.0%) | 56 (24.8%) | 37 (31.1%) | ||
| Disagree | 62 (18.0%) | 48 (21.2%) | 14 (11.8%) | ||
| Strongly disagree | 9 (2.6%) | 9 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Bolded values indicate p < 0.05 and it is taken as statistical significance.
Some categories may not total 100% due to rounding.
*Indicates the correct answer(s) based on guidelines, ^ Indicates the wrong answers.