Table 3.

Proposed MOGAD diagnostic criteria by an international panel of experts. This table is adapted from Banwell et al., 2023 [5]

MOGAD diagnosis necessitates the fulfillment of 1, 2 and 3
1.Clinical demyelinating event	Optic neuritis Myelitis ADEM Cerebral, brainstem or cerebellar deficits Cerebral cortical encephalitis
2. Positive MOG-IgG test	Serum cell-based assay	Clear positive [titer ≥ 1:100]	No additional supporting features required
		Low positive [titer ≥ 1:10 and < 1:100]	A and B must be true: A) AQP4-IgG seronegative B) one or more supporting clinical or MRI features ψ
		Positive without reported titer
		Serum negative but CSF positive
3. Exclusion of better diagnoses, including MS

Ψ Supporting clinical and MRI features
Optic neuritis	Simultaneous bilateral optic nerve involvement Longitudinal optic nerve involvement [> 50% of the optic nerve length] Optic disk edema/swelling Perineural optic sheath enhancement
Myelitis	Longitudinally extensive myelitis Conus lesion H-sign or central cord lesion
Brain, brain stem, or cerebral syndrome	Deep gray matter involvement Multiple ill-defined T2 hyper-intense lesions in the supra-tentorial and infra-tentorial white matter Cortical lesion with or without lesional and overlying meningeal enhancement Ill-defined T2-hyperintensity involving medulla, pons, or middle cerebellar peduncle

MOGAD MOG antibody-associated disease, ADEM acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, AQP4 aquaporin 4, CSF cerebral spinal fluid, MS multiple sclerosis