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. 2023 May 8;11:101. doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01556-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Virome composition across mosquito species. A Shannon index of virus operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across mosquito species. Statistically significant differences were detected using a Kruskal‒Wallis test in cases of multiple comparisons. In pairwise comparisons, significant differences were detected by pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum tests. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001. B Multiple scaling analysis for virome composition across mosquito species using a Euclidean distance matrix. C Heatmap plot showing the enrichment of normalized expression of virus OTUs across different samples of mosquito species. The virus OTUs were clustered using K-means based on Euclidean distances. The font size of the virus family in the right text box was scaled to the number of identified RNA viruses in each virus family. Ae.alb, Aedes albopictus; Ae.aeg, Aedes aegypti; Cx.pip, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus; Ar.sub, Armigeres subalbatus; Cx.tri, Culex tritaeniorhynchus; Cx.pal, Culex pallidothorax; Ae.vex, Aedes vexans; Cx.vis, Culex vishnui; Cx.fus, Culex fuscocephala; Cx.sit, Culex sitiens; Cx.pse, Culex pseudovishnui; An.vag, Anopheles vagus; Cx.lut, Culex (Lutzia) fuscanus; Ae.mal, Aedes malayensis; Cx.gel, Culex gelidus