TABLE 4.

Arguments in favour of incorporating spiritual care into standard management in ICUs

The existence of spiritual needs of patients in critical condition has been documented.

Spirituality is especially important for some patients, is a part of their identity and worldview; spiritual care is therefore an indispensable part of holistic care.

Spirituality brings a sense of meaning to life events, helps to deal with suffering, gives comfort and hope in the face of troublesome ailments/poor prognosis

The provision of spiritual care has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients, increases satisfaction with care, reduces the severity of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after discharge from the ICU

Mindfulness of internal experiences facilitates understanding, establishing a relationship with the patient and determining common, realistic treatment goals.

Involvement in spiritual life positively affects the motivation, productivity and well-being of doctors and reduces the risk of burnout. Dying is perceived to be a spiritual experience.

The use of spiritual care enables more frequent transfer of patients over the end-of-life period from ICUs to hospices.

Religious rituals are important for some patients and their families during the period of dying and mourning.