Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes in non-elective admissions among young adults from different regions.
| REGION OF HOSPITALS | NORTHEAST | MIDWEST | SOUTH | WEST | TOTAL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of admissions (%) | 1005757(17.2%) | 1201864(20.6%) | 2312009(39.6%) | 1314300(22.5%) | 5833930(100%) |
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| Age (years) at admission, median [IQR] | 32[26–37] | 31[26–37] | 32[26–37] | 31[26–37] | 32[26–37] |
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| Sex | |||||
|
| |||||
| Male | 36.5% | 35.7% | 34.3% | 32.4% | 34.5% |
| Female | 63.5% | 64.3% | 65.7% | 67.6% | 65.5% |
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| Race | |||||
|
| |||||
| White | 52.4% | 65.7% | 48.9% | 42.5% | 65.5% |
| Black | 19.5% | 21.9% | 28.4% | 9.0% | 51.4% |
| Hispanic | 17.0% | 7.0% | 16.6% | 34.1% | 21.2% |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 4.0% | 2.1% | 1.9% | 8.2% | 18.7% |
| Native American | 0.2% | 1.1% | 0.5% | 2.3% | 3.7% |
| Others | 6.8% | 2.1% | 3.7% | 4.0% | 1.0% |
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| Primary expected payer | |||||
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| |||||
| Medicare | 7.7% | 8.7% | 8.0% | 5.1% | 7.4% |
| Medicaid | 43.2% | 39.3% | 34.5% | 48.5% | 40.2% |
| Private including HMO | 41.0% | 40.3% | 35.5% | 38.1% | 38.0% |
| Self Pay | 4.8% | 7.8% | 16.2% | 4.4% | 9.8% |
| No charges | 0.1% | 0.5% | 1.6% | 0.2% | 0.8% |
| Others | 3.2% | 3.5% | 4.1% | 3.7% | 3.7% |
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| Location/teaching hospital status | |||||
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| |||||
| Rural | 3.8% | 10.0% | 7.6% | 3.8% | 6.6% |
| Urban non-teaching | 8.4% | 13.0% | 18.6% | 20.5% | 16.1% |
| Urban teaching | 87.8% | 77.0% | 73.8% | 75.7% | 77.3% |
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| Comorbidities | |||||
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| Hypertension, complicated | 4.1% | 5.6% | 6.6% | 4.8% | 5.6% |
| Hypertension, uncomplicated | 10.5% | 13.0% | 13.7% | 9.3% | 12.0% |
| Diabetes, complicated | 4.8% | 6.4% | 7.0% | 5.5% | 6.1% |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated | 4.8% | 4.8% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 4.9% |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5.5% | 6.8% | 6.4% | 5.0% | 6.0% |
| Tobacco use disorder | 22.9% | 29.8% | 23.8% | 17.2% | 23.4% |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 1.0% |
| Drug Abuse | 13.8% | 13.5% | 11.8% | 12.4% | 12.6% |
| Prior MI | 0.6% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.8% |
| Prior TIA/Stroke | 0.9% | 1.3% | 1.3% | 0.9% | 1.1% |
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| Outcomes | |||||
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| |||||
| All cause mortality | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 0.8% | 1.0% |
| Cardiac arrest/VF | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| Stroke | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 0.9% |
| MACCE | 2.3% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 2.4% | 2.6% |
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| Disposition | |||||
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| |||||
| Routine | 82.8% | 86.5% | 87.4% | 87.4% | 86.4% |
| Transfer to short term hospitals | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 1.5% |
| Transfer to others, SNF, ICF | 4.5% | 4.7% | 3.5% | 3.8% | 4.0% |
| Home health care (HHC) | 5.9% | 3.4% | 3.6% | 3.2% | 3.9% |
| AMA | 4.6% | 3.1% | 3.4% | 3.4% | 3.6% |
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| Adjusted Odds Ratio for MACCE | P values | aOR * | 95%CI | ||
|
| |||||
| South vs Northeast | <0.001 | 1.16 | 1.07–1.26 | ||
| West vs Northeast | <0.001 | 1.22 | 1.12–1.33 | ||
| Midwest vs Northeast | <0.001 | 1.08 | 0.99–1.18 | ||
P<0.005 indicates statistical significance, MACCE= Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular EventsIQR=interquartile range, SNF=Skilled nursing facility, ICF=intermediate care facility, CI=confidence interval.
*
Multivariable analysis were adjusted for patient/sociodemographic characteristics and preexisting cardiovascular and extracardiac comorbidities. Adjusted P <0.001.