Table 1.
Formulation, proximate composition (in dry form) and fatty acid profile of the control diet and the basal diet supplemented with a blend of bile salts (BSs) at a dietary inclusion of 0.06% (BS0.06%).
| Ingredients (%) | Control | BS0.06% |
|---|---|---|
| Fishmeal super prime | 7.50 | 7.50 |
| Fishmeal 60 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Fish protein concentrate | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Feather meal hydrolysate | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Porcine blood meal | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Poultry meal | 15.00 | 15.00 |
| AminoPro NT70—C. glutamicum | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Corn gluten meal | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| Soybean meal 48 | 12.00 | 12.00 |
| Sunflower meal | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Wheat meal | 10.31 | 10.31 |
| Whole peas | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Pea starch (raw) | 2.40 | 2.40 |
| Fish oil | 3.02 | 3.02 |
| Soybean oil | 2.35 | 2.35 |
| Poultry fat | 8.04 | 8.04 |
| Vitamin and mineral premix | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Vitamin C35 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Vitamin E50 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Betaine HCl | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Choline chloride 60 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Antioxidant | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Sodium propionate | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| L-Tryptophan | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| DL-Methionine | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Bile salts mix | - | 0.06 |
| Yttrium oxide | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Proximate composition | ||
| Crude protein, % | 44.1 ± 0.05 | 44.0 ± 0.08 |
| Crude fat, % | 18.1 ± 0.04 | 18.2 ± 0.05 |
| Gross energy, MJ kg−1 | 21.4 ± 1.11 | 21.5 ± 1.20 |
| Fatty acid profile (% of total fatty acids)* | ||
| Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) | 27.19 ± 0.40 | 26.55 ± 0.06 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) | 36.61 ± 0.73 | 36.60 ± 0.22 |
| n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) | 26.65 ± 0.06 | 27.11 ± 0.45 |
| n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) | 9.55 ± 0.39 | 9.74 ± 0.09 |
| Total PUFAs | 36.20 ± 0.45 | 36.86 ± 0.36 |
*
Fatty acid profile of experimental diets is detailed in Supplementary Table 1. The proximate and fatty acid composition of diets were analyzed in duplicate, and values are represented as mean ± SD.