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Stress induced by SARS-CoV2 infection will increase the release of corticotropin-releasing factor, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol. Stress conditions in the gut will also induce alteration in the gut microbiota, neurotransmitter and short-chain fatty acid release, and tryptophan metabolism. These pathophysiological mechanisms will induce the activation and degranulation of mast cells, thus releasing inflammatory cytokines. Adapted from Batiha et al. [15].
