Figure 1.

Mg²⁺ handling in people with T2D. In T2D, insulin resistance reduces Mg²⁺ reabsorption from the prourine in the DCT. Mg²⁺ is an important cofactor for ATP generation, and ATP is subsequently used by NA⁺-K⁺-ATPase to create a Na⁺ gradient that drives Mg²⁺ extrusion. Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; DCT, distal convoluted tubule; IR, insulin receptor; K⁺, potassium; Mg²⁺, magnesium; Na⁺, sodium; TRPM6/7, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6/7; T2D, type 2 diabetes.