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. 2023 Mar 28;20:41.

Table 3.

Risk of bias assessed for different studies

Author, year Was there adequate randomization? Were baseline conditions similar for different groups? (according to brands or being as-received or retrieved aligners) Were baseline conditions similar for different groups? Were experimental procedures similar for different groups? Were operators blinded of grouping? Were outcome data complete without missing? Were all measured outcomes adequately reported? Were there any reports of outcomes that were not adequately explained in methods? Any other inconsistencyor source of bias
Schusteretal., (2004) Yes No ? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Eliadesetal., (2009) Yes Yes ? No ? Yes Yes No No
Graccoetal., (2009) Yes No ? No ? Yes Yes No No
Kopperud(2011) Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No
Ansarietal.,(2014) ?a No ? Yes ? Yes Yes Yes No
Kotykaetal.,(2014) Yes No ? Yes ? Yes Yes No No
Premarajetal.,(2014) ? Yes ? No ? Yes Yes No No
Bradleyetal.,(2015) ? No ? Yes ? Yes Yes No No
Afraz Walele(2016) ? No ? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Raghavanetal.,(2017) Yes No ? No ? Yes Yes No No
Al Naghbietal.,(2018) Yes No ? No ? Yes Yes No No
Martinaetal.,(2019) ? No ? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Fayyaz Ahmadetal.,(2020) ? No ? Yes ? Yes Yes No No
Nemecetal.,(2020) ? No ? No ? Yes Yes No No
El idrissietal.,(2020) Yes No ? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Katras(2021) Yes No ? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

aNot explicitly stated, but it appears to be this way from the explanations. ?: Not explicitly given