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. 2023 Apr 25;10:1135141. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1135141

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© 2023 Yoshida, Uchida, Kodo, Ishizaki-Asami, Maeda, Katsumata, Yuasa, Fukuda, Kosaki, Watanabe, Nakagawa and Yamagishi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypoplasia of anterior part in NODAL heterozygous TBX20 homozygous heart. (A) Left lateral views and frontal views of Nodal^+/+Tbx20^−/− and Nodal^+/−Tbx20^−/− hearts at embryonic day 9.5. Dotted lines show the anterior parts of the heart tubes. ht, heart. Scale bars, 500 µm in left and middle panels and 200 µm in right panels. (B) Bar graphs showing the widths of the anterior or the ventricular part of the hearts. The significant decrease in the width of the anterior parts in Nodal^+/−Tbx20^−/− hearts. All values are expressed as the mean ± SD. Significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; N.S., not significant.