TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with urachal and urothelial carcinoma.
| Parameters | Urachal carcinoma (n = 37) | Urothelial carcinoma (n = 40) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, (n, %) | 0.646 | |||
| Male | 30 (81.08%) | 34 (85.00%) | ||
| Female | 7 (18.92%) | 6 (15.00%) | ||
| Median age, (interquartile range, years) | 52.00 (44.50–63.50) | 56.50 (51.00–65.75) | 0.176 | |
| Initial symptoms, n (%) | 0.737 | |||
| Gross hematuria | 27 (72.97%) | 32 (80.00%) | ||
| Lumps or pain in the lower abdomen | 5 (13.51%) | 1 (2.50%) | ||
| Pain or discharge around the umbilicus | 1 (2.70%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Urinary tract irritation | 8 (21.62%) | 9 (22.50%) | ||
| Tumor location, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Midline of apical or anterior wall | 34 (91.89%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Midline of posterior wall | 2 (5.41%) | 1 (2.50%) | ||
| Periumbilical or subumbilical | 1 (2.70%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Side wall and triangle area | 0 (0) | 39 (97.50%) | ||
| Cystoscopy accuracy a , n (%) | 0.013 | |||
| Consistent | 11 (52.38%) | 33 (82.50%) | ||
| Inconsistent | 10(47.62%) | 7 (17.50%) | ||
| Fluorescence in situ hybridization b , n (%) | 0.659 | |||
| Positive | 5 (71.43%) | 31 (77.50%) | ||
| Negative | 2 (28.57%) | 9 (22.50%) | ||
| Serum tumor markers, median ± quartile | ||||
| AFP, ng/mL | 3.15 (2.26–5.21) | 2.55 (1.79–3.18) | 0.128 | |
| CEA, ng/mL | 3.65 (2.29–11.47) | 2.08 (1.30–2.94) | 0.001 | |
| CA199, U/mL | 11.86 (5.13–163.48) | 11.65 (8.40–14.00) | 0.741 | |
| CA724, U/mL | 4.61 (1.52–29.02) | 1.43 (1.05–3.64) | 0.038 | |
| Immunohistochemical positive rate (%) | ||||
| CK‐7 | 55.00% (11/20) | 69.57% (16/23) | 0.361 | |
| CK‐20 | 90.00% (18/20) | 47.83% (11/23) | 0.004 | |
| CDX‐2 | 78.95% (15/19) | |||
| Villin | 94.12% (16/17) | |||
| β‐catenin | 100% (3/3) | |||
| GATA‐3 | 0 (0/10) | 100% (29/29) | <0.001 | |
| PSA | 0 (0/7) | 0 (0/9) | ||
| Ki‐67 > 47.5% | 64.29% (9/14) | 34.48% (10/29) | 0.102 | |
| Sheldon/TNM, n (%) | ||||
| I‐II | 2 (5.41%) | Ta | 12 (30.00%) | |
| IIIa | 23 (62.16%) | T1 | 23 (57.50%) | |
| IIIb | 4 (10.81%) | T2 | 3 (7.50%) | |
| IIIc | 2 (5.41%) | T3 | 2 (5.00%) | |
| IV | 5 (13.51%) | T4 | 0 (0) | |
| Histologic type, n (%) | ||||
| Mucinous features | 8 (21.62%) | |||
| Enteric features | 17 (45.95%) | |||
| Signet ring cell features | 2 (5.41%) | |||
Abbreviations: AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199, carbohydrate antigen199; CA724, carbohydrate antigen 72‐4; CK‐7, cytokeratin‐7; CK‐20, cytokeratin‐20; CDX‐2, caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2; PSA, prostate specific antigen.
a
Only 21 patients with urachal carcinoma underwent cystoscopy.
b
Fluorescence in situ hybridization in seven patients with urachal carcinoma.
Bold of “< 0.001” means statistical significance difference between two groups.