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. 2023 Jan 25;182(4):1593–1599. doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-04809-4

Table 2.

Outcomes at 2 years follow-up

Pre-AOC Post-AOC P valuea
Adverse outcome (severe NDI or death) 41 (17.9) 47 (24.0) 0.12
  Severe NDI, n (%) 10 (5.1) 13 (8.0) 0.25
  Early death, n (%) 30 (10.2) 32 (10.8) 0.82
  Late death, n (%) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.8) 1.00
Mild-moderate NDI, n (%) 82 (38.5) 78 (43.8) 0.29
BSID III composite motor score, median [IQR] 97 [89 – 107] 98 [89–109] 0.18
  Score 70–85, n (%) 25 (12.6) 25 (12.8) 0.94
  Score < 70, n (%) 5 (2.5) 11 (5.6) 0.12
BSID III composite cognitive score, median [IQR] 96 [87–101] 96 [91–105] 0.23
  Score 70–85, n (%) 31 (13.4) 26 (12.7) 0.85
  Score < 70, n (%) 7 (3.0) 7 (3.4) 0.81
CBCL externalising T score, mean (SD) 51 (10) 50 (10) 0.69
CBCL internalising T score, median [IQR] 47 [41–55] 47 [41–55] 0.59
Visual impairment, n (%)
  None 213 (90.6) 166 (86.0) 0.25
  Mild impairment 19 (8.1) 25 (13.0)
  Limited vision 3 (1.3) 2 (1.0)
  Blind 0 (0) 0 (0)
Hearing loss, n (%)
  None 229 (98.3) 185 (96.4)
  Mild hearing loss 2 (0.9) 3 (1.6) 0.23 
  Abnormal, neurosensory hearing loss 0 (0) 3 (1.6)
Deaf 2 (0.9) 1 (0.5)
Cerebral palsy GMFCS, n (%)
  None 200 (84.7) 190 (88.0) 0.73
  Level 1 30 (12.7) 21 (9.7)
  Level 2 4 (1.7) 4 (1.9)
  Level 3 2 (0.8) 1 (0.5)
  Level 4 0 (0) 0 (0)
  Level 5 0 (0) 0 (0)
Readmissions until follow-up, n (%)
  None 130 (57.0) 149 (69.3)
  1–3 83 (36.4) 50 (23.3)  0.01
   > 3 15 (6.6) 17 (7.4)

AOC automated oxygen control, NDI neurodevelopmental impairment, BSID Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, CBCL Child Behaviour Checklist, GMFCS Gross Motor Function Classification System

aStatistical analysis with independent T-test, χ2, Fishers’ exact, or nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test as appropriate