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. 2022 Jun 29;26(3):473–490. doi: 10.1007/s10021-022-00772-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Shifts in tree species composition under natural regeneration (no seed addition): Site scores from principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) ordination on pairwise Bray–Curtis distance for forest plots in the, a Taiga Plains (7 species and 120 plots) and b Taiga Shield (7 species and 79 plots) of the Northwest Territories, Canada. Arrows denote the compositional change in each plot, connecting pre-fire to post-fire site scores. Values on the axis labels indicate percentage of total variation explained by each PCoA axis. Values in brackets in the legend denote how many plots were in each category. Tree images show approximate locations of tree species centroids in ordination space (see Figure S4).