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. 2023 Apr 28;112(1-2):61–83. doi: 10.1007/s11103-023-01348-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — Overview of the main Telomere repeat binding proteins (TRBs) functions. (A) TRBs are associated with the physical ends of chromosomes (telomeres) via their Myb-like domain (Schrumpfová et al. 2004, 2014; Mozgová et al. 2008; Dvořáčková et al. 2010; Dreissig et al. 2017). TRBs interact with Arabidopsis homologs of the G-overhang binding protein Protection of telomere 1a, b (POT1a, b) (Schrumpfová et al. 2008, this study). (B) TRBs mediate interactions of Recombination UV B – like (RUVBL) proteins with the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT), and participate in telomerase biogenesis (Schrumpfová et al. 2014; Schořová et al. 2019). TRBs are associated in the nucleus/nucleolus with POT1a (Schořová et al. 2019), and also with a plant orthologue of dyskerin, named CBF5 (Lermontova et al. 2007) that binds the RNA subunit of telomerase (TR) (Fajkus et al. 2019; Song et al. 2021). (C) TRBs are associated with short telomeric sequences (telo-boxes) in the promoters of various genes in vivo, mainly with translation machinery genes (Schrumpfová et al. 2016). ORF, Open reading frame. (D) Telo-box motifs recruit Polycomb repressive complexes (PRC2) via interactions of PRC2 subunits with TRB (Zhou et al. 2016, 2018, this study) CLF, CURLY LEAF; SWN, SWINGER; EMF2, EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2; VRN2, VERNALIZATION 2. (E) Histone H1 prevents the invasion of H3K27me3 and TRB1 over telomeres and long interstitial telomeric regions (Teano et al. 2020). (F) TRB proteins, as subunits of the PEAT (PWO-EPCR-ARID-TRB) complex, are involved in heterochromatin formation and gene repression, but also have a locus‐specific activating role, possibly through the promotion of histone acetylation (Tan et al. 2018; Tsuzuki and Wierzbicki 2018; Mikulski et al. 2019)