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. 2023 Mar 18;30(22):62067–62079. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26260-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a–d Photomicrographs of sections of the pancreas stained by H&E. a Section from control group showed normal alpha-cells and beta cells (circle). b Section from pancreas of Diab rat showed atrophy and cytoplasmic degenerative changes (arrow) in most islet cells, especially in center of the islet (circle). c Section from pancreas of (Diab + CUR) STZ-induced diabetic rats that were given a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day of curcumin showed very similar morphology to the control group. d Section from rat of (Diab + nCUR) STZ-induced diabetic rats that were given a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day of nano-curcumin showed nearly regular outline of an islet with apparently normal appearance of most cells (H&E staining, × 100). e, f Histomorphometric measurements showed changes in the mean values of the following: e percentage area of pancreatic islets cells (%); f diameter of islet cells. Data was expressed as mean ± SE. Statistical significance was evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test at P < 0.05. The mean values with different superscript letters on the bars were significantly different at P < 0.05. Diab, STZ-induced diabetic rats; Diab + CUR, STZ-induced diabetic rats that were given a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day of curcumin were dissolved in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 1:10 (w/v); Diab + nCUR, STZ-induced diabetic rats that were given a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day of nano-curcumin were dissolved in CMC 1:10 (w/v)