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. 2023 May 8;13:7431. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34447-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Functional analysis of delirium-associated proteins in plasma of middle-aged patients by GSEA and PPI network analysis. (A) Bar-plots of REACTOME gene sets significantly enriched in delirium-associated proteins in preoperative plasma (5 gene sets; blue bars). (B) Constructed PPI network for the preoperative time point (18 nodes and 11 edges, PPI enrichment < 10⁻⁴). (C) Bar-plots of REACTOME gene sets significantly enriched in delirium-associated proteins in postoperative plasma (2 gene sets; pink bars). (D) Constructed PPI network for the postoperative time point (17 nodes and 6 edges, PPI enrichment < 10⁻²). (E) Bar-plots of REACTOME gene sets significantly enriched in delirium-associated proteins by pre- to postoperative change (11 gene sets; purple bars). (F) Constructed PPI network for pre- to postoperative change (12 nodes and 14 edges, PPI enrichment < 10⁻⁶). Individual proteins in PPI networks are represented as nodes and interactions denoted by lines. For visual clarity, bar plots show a maximum of 10 of the most enriched pathways.