Table 3.
Crude and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of major treatments, emergency department visits, and admission to hospital and ICU in children with bronchial asthma.
| Ventilator support or tracheal intubation a | Systemic corticosteroid a | Emergency department (ED) visits a | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | cHR (95% CI) | p-value | aHR b (95% CI) | p-value | No. (%) | cHR (95% CI) | p-value | aHR b (95% CI) | p-value | No. (%) | cHR (95% CI) | p-value | aHR b (95% CI) | p-value | |
| SES 0 (n = 35,292) | 5 (0.01) | 4.71 (1.74–12.77) | 0.0023 | 3.73 (1.35–10.35) | 0.0113 | 15,266 (43.3) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.0439 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | <0.0001 | 932 (2.6) | 1.75 (1.63–1.87) | <0.0001 | 1.88 (1.75–2.01) | <0.0001 |
| SES 1 (n = 181,756) | 12 (0.01) | 2.24 (1.07–4.69) | 0.0324 | 2.15 (1.03–4.51) | 0.0420 | 78,022 (42.9) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.0001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.0001 | 3,203 (1.8) | 1.18 (1.13–1.23) | <0.0001 | 1.19 (1.14–1.24) | <0.0001 |
| SES 2 (n = 241,103) | 5 (0.00) | 0.70 (0.26–1.90) | 0.4855 | 0.74 (0.27–2.02) | 0.5569 | 105,946 (43.9) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | <0.0001 | 4,238 (1.8) | 1.17 (1.13–1.22) | <0.0001 | 1.15 (1.11–1.19) | <0.0001 |
| SES 3 (n = 498,685) | 14 (0.00) | 0.96 (0.47–1.95) | 0.9135 | 1.10 (0.54–2.26) | 0.7850 | 219,088 (43.9) | 1.05 (1.05–1.06) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (1.04–1.05) | <0.0001 | 7,817 (1.6) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | 0.0004 | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.0099 |
| SES 4 (n = 580,230) | 17 (0.00) | Ref | Ref | 244,504 (42.1) | Ref | Ref | 8,635 (1.5) | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Admission to hospital a | Admission to ICU a | ||||||||||||||
| SES 0 (n = 35,292) | 2,734 (7.7) | 1.76 (1.69–1.83) | <0.0001 | 2.20 (2.11–2.28) | <0.0001 | 14 (0.0) | 7.02 (3.75–13.16) | <0.0001 | 7.12 (3.72–13.62) | <0.0001 | |||||
| SES 1 (n = 181,756) | 10,737 (5.9) | 1.34 (1.31–1.38) | <0.0001 | 1.37 (1.34–1.40) | <0.0001 | 19 (0.0) | 1.89 (1.07–3.33) | 0.0281 | 1.85 (1.05–3.27) | 0.0333 | |||||
| SES 2 (n = 241,103) | 15,462 (6.4) | 1.46 (1.43–1.49) | <0.0001 | 1.34 (1.31–1.36) | <0.0001 | 17 (0.0) | 1.27 (0.71–2.29) | 0.4274 | 1.23 (0.68–2.22) | 0.4985 | |||||
| SES 3 (n = 498,685) | 29,597 (5.9) | 1.36 (1.34–1.38) | <0.0001 | 1.21 (1.19–1.24) | <0.0001 | 22 (0.0) | 0.80 (0.47–1.38) | 0.4272 | 0.83 (0.48–1.43) | 0.4899 | |||||
| SES 4 (n = 580,230) | 25,634 (4.4) | Ref | Ref | 32 (0.0) | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
cHR, crude hazard ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; Ref, reference.
a
Obtained from Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data.
b
adjusted by age, sex, type of insurance, allergy history, respiratory disease (bronchiolitis, croup, pneumonia, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections).