Fig. 3. Co-culture of cancer cells with primary macrophages induces bidirectional adaptions.

a Scheme of PDAC and primary macrophage cells in co-culture. Wild-type (WT) or MetRS*-expressing mesenchymal (8513 and 9091) or classical (8442 and 8661) PDAC cells and BMMs were cultured in isolation or co-culture for 36 h with Anl labeling during the last 8 h (n = 3, workflow replicates). Asterisks indicate MetRS* expression. b–e Strongly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and UniProtKB keywords in upregulated proteins after PDAC—BMM co-culture compared to each cell type in isolation (two-sided 1D annotation enrichment¹²⁸ (full list in Supplementary Data 4)). f Heatmap of protein intensities associated with macrophage polarization states in BMM proteomes and secretomes.