Table 2.
Summary of published studies of pediatric rheumatologic patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
| Study | Study design | Country | Study period | Patients characteristics | Clinical course | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filocamo et al. [32] | Retrospective study | Italy | Feb/25/2020–Apr/14/2020 | 123 Pediatric patients with chronic rheumatic diseases on bDMARDs: JIA (72.3%), autoin- flammatory diseases (4.1%), chronic uveitis (4.1%), recurrent pericarditis (1.6 %), others (17.9%) | Confirmed COVID-19 infection (0/123, 0%), mild re- spiratory symptoms (8/ 123, 6.5%) | Hospitalized (0/123, 0%) |
| Koker et al. [33] | Survey-based study | Turkey | May/1/2020– May/20/2020 | 414 Pediatric patheints with rheumatic dis- eases aged 0–20 years under immunosuppressive treatment: JIA (58.7%), autoinfam- matory diseases (26.3%), connective tissue diseases (12.3%), vasculitis (2.7%) | Suspected cases of COVID- 19 (6/414, 1.4%), confirm- ed cases of COVID-19 (1/ 414, 0.24%), severe symptoms (0/414, 0%) | |
| Sozeri et al. [34] | Retrospective study | Turkey (14 centers) | Apr 2020–2021 | 113 Pediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV- 2 under bDMARDs: JIA (55.8%), autoinfam- matory diseases (30.9%), connective tissue diseases (4.4%), vasculitis (8.9%) | Asymptomatic (37.2%), symptomatic (62.8%), MIS-C (4.4%) | Hospitalized (21.2%), ICU admission with mechanical ventilation (1.8%), died (1.8 %) |
| Villacis-Nunez et al. [35] | Case series | US | 55 Pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases aged 0–19 years and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19: JIA (30.9%), SLE (25.5%), Juvenile dermatomyositis (10.9 %), others (32.7%) | Asymptomatic(18.2%), MIS-C (0%) | Hospitalized (18.2 %), ICU admission (7.3%), died (1.8%) | |
| Clemente et al. [36] | Regional registry cohort study | Spain (6 hospitals) | Mar 2020–Mar 2021 | 77 Pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases aged <18 years and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19: oligoarticular or polyarticular JIA (54.54%), SLE (10.38%), systemic JIA (6.49 %), monogenic autoinfammatory syndrome (6.49%) | Asymptomatic (38.96%), mild (53.25%), moderate (6.49 %), severe (1.30%) | Hospitalized (7.79%), ICU admission (1.30 %), died (0%) |
| Ihara et al. [37] | Case series | Brazil | Mar 2020–Oct 2020 | 14 Pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19: JIA (57.1%), cSLE (7.1%), juvenile dermatomyositis (7.1%), CRMO (7.1%), systemic sclerosis (7.1%), Behcet syndrome (7.1%), CANDLE syndrome (7.1%) | MIS-C (0%) | Hospitalized (7.1%), ICU admission (0%) |
bDMARDs, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; MIS-C, multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children; ICU, intensive care unit; cSLE, childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; CRMO, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis; CANDLE, chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature.