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. 2023 May 8;13(5):e1255. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1255

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Cryoablation reduced the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer. (A) Flowchart of the clinical trial of cryoablation for bladder cancer. (B) Representative IHC results of tumour tissues surgically excised before cryoablation and tissues in situ at the 3‐month review after cryoablation from the same patient. Scale bars, 500 µm (4×), 100 µm (20×). (C) Kaplan–Meier curves for recurrence‐free survival of patients treated with EBCA or TURBT (p = .021). (D) Kaplan–Meier curves for progression‐free survival of patients treated with EBCA or TURBT (p = .0006). (E, F) Secondary tumours were removed and measured after rechallenge with 5×105 MB49 cells on the second day after cryoablation or resection of the primary tumours. n = 5 mice per group. Data are represented as mean ± SD. **p < .01, cryoablation vs. resection. (F, G) The volume of the secondary tumours was dynamically observed once per week after rechallenge with 1×105 MB49 cells until death or until the secondary tumour volume reached 2000 mm3. n = 5 mice per group. ****p < .0001, cryoablation vs. resection. (H) In vivo imaging and HE staining of metastatic foci in the lungs of mice injected with 3×105 MB49‐Luc cells intravenously after cryoablation or surgical resection of the primary tumours. Imaged and evaluated on day 21. n = 3 mice per group. Scale bars, 1 cm (1×), 100 µm (20×).