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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 9.
Published in final edited form as: Cardiol Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Mar 13;7(2):52–68. doi: 10.26502/fccm.92920309

Table 2:

Patient characteristics: Clinical features and comorbidities.

All
(2010–2019)
n = 489
Group 1
(2010–2015)
n = 132
Group 2
(2016–2017)
n = 155
Group 3
(2018–2019)
n = 202
p value
Clinical features

NYHA class 0.164

NYHA I - n (%) 2 (0.4 %) 2 (1.5 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %)

NYHA II - n (%) 61 (12.5 %) 17 (12.9 %) 22 (14.2 %) 22 (10.9 %)

NYHA III - n (%) 370 (75.7 %) 94 (71.2 %) 114 (73.5 %) 162 (80.2 %)

NYHA IV - n (%) 52 (10.6 %) 17 (12.9 %) 19 (12.3 %) 16 (7.9 %)

CCS class < 0.001

CCS I - n (%) 15 (3.1 %) 3 (2.3 %) 1 (0.6 %) 11 (5.4 %)

CCS II - n (%) 233 (47.6 %) 34 (25.8 %) 114 (73.5 %) 85 (42.1 %)

CCS III - n (%) 62 (12.7 %) 47 (35.6 %) 10 (6.5 %) 5 (2.5 %)

CCS IV - n (%) 1 (0.2 %) 1 (0.8 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %)

Cardiac decompensation - n (%) 177 (36.2 %) 60 (45.5 %) 54 (34.8 %) 63 (31.2 %) 0.027

Comorbidities

Coronary artery disease - n (%) 0.433

- 1-vessel disease - n (%) 100 (20.4 %) 27 (20.5 %) 31 (20.0 %) 42 (20.8 %)
- 2-vessel disease - n (%) 70 (14.3 %) 15 (11.4 %) 23 (14.8 %) 32 (15.8 %)
- 3-vessel disease - n (%) 112 (22.9 %) 38 (28.8 %) 29 (18.7 %) 45 (22.3 %)
- left main artery stenosis - n (%) 21 (4.3 %) 8 (6.1 %) 9 (5.8 %) 4 (2.0 %)

Previous myocardial infarction 0.018

- no myocardial infarction 68 (13.9 %) 28 (21.2 %) 17 (11.0 %) 23 (11.4 %)

- STEMI – n (%) 32 (6.5 %) 17 (12.9 %) 6 (3.9 %) 9 (4.5 %)

- NSTEMI – n (%) 34 (7.0 %) 13 (9.8 %) 10 (6.5 %) 11 (5.4 %)

Previous bypass operation- n (%) 79 (16.2 %) 33 (25.0 %) 17 (11.0 %) 29 (14.4 %) 0.004

Previous valve operation - n (%) 14 (2.9 %) 4 (3.0 %) 3 (1.9 %) 7 (3.5 %) 0.685

Previous balloon valvuloplasty - n (%) 37 (7.6 %) 1 (0.8 %) 16 (10.3 %) 20 (9.9 %) 0.002

Previous PCI - n (%) 199 (40.7 %) 57 (43.2 %) 60 (38.7 %) 82 (40.6 %) 0.744

PVD - n (%) 118 (24.1 %) 51 (38.6 %) 37 (23.9 %) 30 (14.9 %) < 0.001

CVD - n (%) 62 (12.7 %) 30 (22.7 %) 15 (9.7 %) 17 (8.4 %) < 0.001

COPD - n (%) 57 (11.7 %) 18 (13.6 %) 14 (9.0 %) 25 (12.4 %) 0.440

Previous stroke - n (%) 51 (10.4 %) 19 (14.4 %) 15 (9.7 %) 17 (8.4 %) 0.203

History of cancer - n (%) 123 (25.2 %) 28 (21.2 %) 51 (32.9 %) 44 (21.8 %) 0.027

Anemia – n (%) 230 (47.1 %) 77 (58.3 %) 67 (43.5 %) 86 (42.6 %) 0.010

Abbreviations: CCS = Canadian Cardiovascular Society; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD = cerebrovascular disease; NSTEMI = Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NYHA = New York Heart Association; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction.