TABLE 1.
Descriptive characteristics of ARIC visit 5 participants, overall and stratified by femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV) quartiles.
| Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 4330 | n = 1081 | n = 1045 | n = 1138 | n = 1066 | P Value | ||||||
| Continuous Variables (Mean, SD) | |||||||||||
| Age (years) | 75.3 | (5.0) | 75.2 | (5.0) | 74.9 | (4.88)d | 75.2 | (5.02)d | 75.7 | (5.2) | 0.002 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 29.2 | (4.7) | 28.1 | (4.5) | 27.4 | (4.3) | 26.7 | (4.1) | 28.2 | (4.6) | <0.001a |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 66 | (10) | 62 | (10) | 65 | (10) | 67 | (10) | 70 | (10.7) | <0.001a |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130 | (18) | 126 | (17) | 128 | (17) | 130 | (16) | 135 | (18) | <0.001a |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 65 | (11) | 63 | (10.1)c,d | 64 | (10)c,d | 65 | (11.2)d | 67 | (11) | <0.001a |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 112 | (26) | 110 | (25) | 112 | (26) | 111 | (26) | 112 | (26) | <0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183 | (41) | 181 | (40)d | 182 | (41)d | 183 | (41) | 187 | (43) | 0.001 |
| High-density lipoproteins (mg/dL) | 53 | (14) | 51 | (13)b,c,d | 53 | (14) | 54 | (15) | 54 | (15) | <0.001 |
| Ankle Brachial Index | 1.11 | (0.13) | 1.06 | (0.17)b,cd | 1.11 | (0.12)c,d | 1.12 | (0.11) | 1.13 | (0.11) | <0.001 |
| Femoral-ankle PWV (m/s) | 11.2 | (1.9) | 9.0 | (0.8) | 10.5 | (0.3) | 11.6 | (0.4) | 13.8 | (1.5) | - |
| Categorical Variables (No., %) | |||||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Men | 1750 | (41) | 443 | (41) | 417 | (40) | 468 | (41) | 422 | (40) | 0.821 |
| Women | 2580 | (59) | 638 | (59) | 628 | (60) | 670 | (59) | 644 | (60) | |
| Race | b,c,d | d | |||||||||
| African American | 967 | (22) | 333 | (31) | 241 | (23) | 219 | (19) | 174 | (16) | <0.001 |
| White | 3363 | (78) | 748 | (69) | 804 | (77) | 919 | (81) | 892 | (84) | |
| Current smoker | 248 | (6) | 82 | (8)d | 57 | (5) | 57 | (5) | 52 | (5) | 0.021 |
| Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease | |||||||||||
| Coronary heart disease | 459 | (11) | 184 | (17)c,d | 147 | (14) | 147 | (13) | 131 | (12) | <0.011 |
| Heart failure | 125 | (3) | 170 | (16)b,c,d | 100 | (10) | 102 | (9) | 87 | (8) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 2835 | (66) | 32 | (3) | 38 | (4) | 26 | (2) | 29 | (3) | 0.296 |
| Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 610 | (14) | 751 | (70)c | 685 | (66) | 741 | (65) | 654 | (61) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1276 | (29) | 358 | (33)c,d | 327 | (31) | 306 | (27) | 283 | (27) | <0.001 |
| Ankle Brachial Index ≤ 0.9 | 298 | (6.9) | 158 | (14.8)b,cd | 64 | (6.1) d | 44 | (3.9) | 32 | (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Medication use | |||||||||||
| β-Blocker | 1311 | (30) | 410 | (38)c,d | 328 | 31d | 333 | (29)d | 240 | (23) | <0.001 |
| α-Blocker | 140 | (3) | 60 | (6)b,c,d | 27 | (3) | 30 | (3) | 23 | (2) | <0.001 |
| Diuretic | 1666 | (38) | 499 | (46)b,c,d | 418 | 40d | 406 | (36) | 343 | (32) | <0.001 |
| ACE Inhibitor | 986 | (23) | 245 | (23) | 231 | (22) | 281 | (25) | 227 | (21) | 0.278 |
| ANG II receptor blocker | 443 | (10) | 125 | (12) | 105 | (10) | 108 | (9) | 103 | (10) | 0.327 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 1068 | (25) | 345 | (32)b,c,d | 267 | (26)d | 256 | (23) | 199 | (19) | 0.327 |
Abbreviations: PWV, pulse-wave velocity. faPWV quartiles Q1, <9.94 m/s; Q2, 9.94 m/s to 11.0 m/s; Q3, >11.0 m/s to 12.3 m/s Q4 >12.3 m/s.
a
Comparisons: All groups significantly different;
b
vs. Q2;
c
vs. Q3;
d
vs. Q4.