Table 5. Risk of bias assessment for case series and case reports using NIH quality assessment tool.
Abbreviations: CD, cannot determine; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; Y, yes; N, no
| First Author | Was the study question or objective clearly stated? | Was the study population clearly and fully described, including a case definition? | Were the cases consecutive? | Were the subjects comparable? | Was the intervention clearly described? | Were the outcome measures clearly defined, valid, reliable, and implemented consistently across all study participants? | Was the length of follow-up adequate? | Were the statistical methods well-described? | Were the results well-described? | Total | Impression Case series - good quality, 6-8; fair quality, 4-5; poor quality, <4 Case reports - good quality, 5; fair quality, 3-4; poor quality, <3 |
| Tarawneh O | N | N | NA | NA | Y | N | Y | NA | Y | 3/6 | Fair |
| Toom S | N | Y | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | N | 2/6 | Poor |
| Carli G | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 4/6 | Fair |
| Helms JM | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | N | 2/6 | Poor |
| Franchini M | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | N | Y | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| D'Agostino V | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | N | Y | NA | Y | 4/6 | Fair |
| Muir KL | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| Bayas A | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | Y | 3/6 | Fair |
| Muster V | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | N | 2/6 | Poor |
| Sissa C | N | Y | NA | NA | Y | N | Y | NA | N | 3/6 | Fair |
| Thaler J | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| Blauenfeldt RA | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| Garnier M | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | Y | 3/6 | Fair |
| Bjørnstad-Tuveng TH | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | Y | NA | N | 4/6 | Fair |
| Yocum A | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 4/6 | Fair |
| Xie C | N | N | NA | NA | Y | N | NR | NA | N | 1/6 | Poor |
| Tajstra M | Y | N | NA | NA | N | N | Y | NA | N | 2/6 | Poor |
| Jamme M | N | N | NA | NA | N | N | Y | NA | Y | 2/6 | Poor |
| Graf T | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | NR | NA | Y | 4/6 | Fair |
| Ryan E | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 4/6 | Fair |
| Julian JA | N | Y | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | N | 2/6 | Poor |
| Ramdeny S | Y | N | NA | NA | N | N | N | NA | N | 1/6 | Poor |
| Zakaria Z | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | N | 3/6 | Fair |
| de Bruijn S | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| Hocking J | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| Al-Maqbali JS | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | Y | 3/6 | Fair |
| Suresh P | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | N | Y | NA | N | 3/6 | Fair |
| Barral M | N | N | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | N | 1/6 | Poor |
| Tølbøll Sørensen AL | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | 6/6 | Good |
| Aladdin Y | Y | Y | NA | NA | N | Y | Y | NA | N | 4/6 | Fair |
| Dutta A | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | N | 2/6 | Poor |
| Sangli S | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| Ramessur R | Y | N | NA | NA | N | N | N | NA | N | 1/6 | Poor |
| Clark RT | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| Ikenberg B | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 5/6 | Good |
| Taylor P | Y | N | NA | NA | N | Y | N | NA | N | 2/6 | Poor |
| Wang RL | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | N | N | NA | N | 3/6 | Fair |
| Bandapaati S | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | Y | N | NA | N | 4/6 | Fair |
| Malik B | Y | N | NA | NA | Y | Y | Y | NA | N | 4/6 | Fair |
| Waqar SHB | Y | N | NA | NA | N | N | N | NA | Y | 2/6 | Poor |
| Wolf ME | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | 8/9 | Good |
| Greinacher A | Y | N | CD | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 4/9 | Fair |
| Schultz NH | Y | Y | CD | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | 7/9 | Good |
| Scully M | Y | Y | CD | Y | Y | Y | CD | Y | N | 6/9 | Good |
| Mehta PR | Y | Y | CD | N | Y | Y | Y | CD | Y | 6/9 | Good |
| Haakonsen HB | Y | N | CD | Y | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 5/9 | Fair |
| Tiede A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | 8/9 | Good |
| See I | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | 7/9 | Good |
| Vayne C | Y | N | NR | NR | Y | Y | NR | NA | NR | 3/9 | Poor |
| Althaus K | Y | N | NR | N | Y | Y | N | NA | N | 3/9 | Poor |
| Pomara C | Y | N | NR | Y | Y | N | Y | NA | Y | 5/9 | Fair |
| Dias L | Y | Y | NR | N | N | N | N | NA | Y | 3/9 | Poor |
| Bourguignon A | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | 5/9 | Fair |
| Fan BE | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | NA | Y | 4/9 | Fair |
| Esba LCA | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | NA | N | 4/9 | Fair |
| Gattringer T | Y | Y | NR | N | Y | N | Y | NA | Y | 5/9 | Fair |
| Bano F | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | 7/9 | Good |