Bhutta 1991.

Study characteristics
Patient Sampling	Cross‐sectional study, consecutive sampling
Patient characteristics and setting	Sample size: 63 Gestational age: term and preterm (> 34 weeks) Race/ethnicity: Pakistani Prior phototherapy: not reported Setting: newborn nursery of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Index tests	TcB device: JM 101 Site of TcB measurement: forehead
Target condition and reference standard(s)	Target condition: neonatal jaundice TSB measurement method: photometry
Flow and timing	Time interval between tests: ≤ 2 hours Number of paired results: 100
Comparative
Notes
Methodological quality
Item	Authors' judgement	Risk of bias	Applicability concerns
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled?	Yes
Was a case‐control design avoided?	Yes
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions?	Yes
Could the selection of patients have introduced bias?		Low risk
Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question?			Low concern
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition?	Yes
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests?	Unclear
Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias?		Low risk
Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question?			Low concern
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard?	No
Did all patients receive the same reference standard?	Yes
Were all patients included in the analysis?	Yes
Could the patient flow have introduced bias?		Low risk