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. 2023 Apr 19;14:1140739. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1140739

Table 2.

Association between smoking status and infertility.

Model 1: OR (95%CI) P Model 2: OR (95%CI) P Model 3: OR (95%CI) P
Smoking status
Never smokers reference reference reference
Former smokers 1.629 (1.179, 2.252) 0.003 1.312 (0.939, 1.832) 0.112 1.152 (0.806, 1.646) 0.437
Current smokers 1.549 (1.189, 2.017) 0.001 1.336 (1.013, 1.763) 0.040 1.418 (1.044, 1.926) 0.025
P for trend <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Model 1 adjusted for none.

Model 2 adjusted for age and race/ethnicity.

Model 3 adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, PIR, BMI, diabetes, and physical activity.