Table 3.
Association between socio‐demographic characteristics and 12‐month DSM‐5 disorders among people aged 18‐75 years, based on NEMESIS‐3 (2019‐2022; N=6,194), in weighted percentages, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlled for sex and age
| Mood disorders | Anxiety disorders | Substance use disorders | ADHD | Any mental disorder | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | aOR (95% CI) | % | aOR (95% CI) | % | aOR (95% CI) | % | aOR (95% CI) | % | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Men | 8.1 | 1 | 11.0 | 1 | 9.5 | 1 | 3.7 | 1 | 24.0 | 1 |
| Women | 11.5 | 1.50 (1.21‐1.86) | 19.4 | 1.97 (1.66‐2.34) | 4.8 | 0.48 (0.38‐0.60) | 2.7 | 0.73 (0.55‐0.96) | 27.8 | 1.24 (1.07‐1.44) |
| Age at interview (years) | ||||||||||
| 18‐24 | 13.3 | 3.04 (1.91‐4.83) | 19.9 | 2.68 (2.00‐3.57) | 15.8 | 7.17 (4.45‐11.57) | 3.7 | 3.67 (1.78‐7.59) | 39.6 | 4.09 (3.16‐5.28) |
| 25‐34 | 13.1 | 2.97 (2.01‐4.37) | 19.8 | 2.62 (2.05‐3.36) | 12.6 | 5.56 (3.65‐8.48) | 3.9 | 3.86 (1.92‐7.76) | 35.2 | 3.37 (2.76‐4.11) |
| 35‐44 | 11.1 | 2.41 (1.46‐3.96) | 17.5 | 2.20 (1.72‐2.83) | 7.4 | 3.13 (1.75‐5.59) | 5.5 | 5.66 (2.68‐11.95) | 27.7 | 2.35 (1.76‐3.14) |
| 45‐54 | 9.5 | 2.05 (1.48‐2.85) | 13.3 | 1.61 (1.24‐2.09) | 4.1 | 1.65 (1.05‐2.58) | 2.9 | 2.90 (1.31‐6.41) | 21.8 | 1.72 (1.39‐2.14) |
| 55‐64 | 7.9 | 1.67 (1.05‐2.66) | 13.8 | 1.68 (1.31‐2.16) | 3.3 | 1.30 (0.78‐2.15) | 2.5 | 2.44 (1.14‐5.20) | 21.4 | 1.68 (1.34‐2.12) |
| 65‐75 | 4.9 | 1 | 8.7 | 1 | 2.6 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 13.9 | 1 |
| p for linearity | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Education | ||||||||||
| Primary or lower secondary | 12.0 | 2.21 (1.70‐2.87) | 17.0 | 1.79 (1.46‐2.20) | 6.4 | 1.16 (0.82‐1.64) | 5.0 | 3.25 (1.99‐5.32) | 27.9 | 1.77 (1.43‐2.20) |
| Higher secondary | 10.2 | 1.37 (1.08‐1.74) | 15.9 | 1.28 (1.06‐1.53) | 6.3 | 0.72 (0.57‐0.89) | 3.0 | 1.44 (0.93‐2.24) | 26.0 | 1.13 (0.98‐1.31) |
| Higher vocational or university | 7.9 | 1 | 13.3 | 1 | 8.6 | 1 | 2.2 | 1 | 24.4 | 1 |
| Living situation | ||||||||||
| With partner and children | 7.7 | 1 | 12.9 | 1 | 4.0 | 1 | 2.8 | 1 | 20.5 | 1 |
| With partner without children | 7.5 | 1.20 (0.92‐1.57) | 11.8 | 1.09 (0.85‐1.40) | 5.3 | 1.85 (1.33‐2.57) | 2.5 | 1.09 (0.67‐1.76) | 20.6 | 1.32 (1.10‐1.58) |
| Single parent | 12.2 | 1.53 (0.96‐2.44) | 23.0 | 1.75 (1.15‐2.66) | 5.0 | 1.63 (1.00‐2.68) | 5.2 | 2.14 (1.26‐3.64) | 31.1 | 1.71 (1.18‐2.47) |
| Alone | 14.0 | 2.23 (1.68‐2.97) | 19.4 | 1.86 (1.47‐2.36) | 9.9 | 2.83 (1.95‐4.11) | 3.8 | 1.43 (1.00‐2.05) | 32.7 | 2.23 (1.80‐2.75) |
| With other(s) | 13.6 | 1.24 (0.89‐1.74) | 19.9 | 1.20 (0.90‐1.60) | 15.4 | 1.67 (1.16‐2.41) | 4.2 | 0.87 (0.57‐1.33) | 39.0 | 1.40 (1.11‐1.77) |
| Employment status | ||||||||||
| Paid job | 8.1 | 1 | 13.2 | 1 | 6.7 | 1 | 2.7 | 1 | 23.3 | 1 |
| Homemaker | 11.2 | 1.47 (0.97‐2.22) | 18.9 | 1.39 (1.00‐1.93) | 3.9 | 1.15 (0.60‐2.21) | 3.3 | 1.84 (0.99‐3.41) | 26.8 | 1.41 (1.05‐1.88) |
| Student | 13.5 | 1.06 (0.76‐1.47) | 20.3 | 1.03 (0.78‐1.37) | 17.4 | 1.27 (0.99‐1.64) | 3.1 | 0.74 (0.38‐1.47) | 41.1 | 1.21 (0.96‐1.52) |
| Unemployed/disabled | 27.6 | 4.70 (3.58‐6.16) | 35.6 | 3.90 (3.08‐4.94) | 11.2 | 2.30 (1.53‐3.46) | 11.3 | 5.34 (3.89‐7.33) | 52.0 | 4.17 (3.27‐5.30) |
| Retired/other | 4.2 | 0.95 (0.55‐1.63) | 7.9 | 1.01 (0.76‐1.35) | 2.2 | 1.26 (0.71‐2.26) | 0.8 | 0.56 (0.23‐1.35) | 12.9 | 1.13 (0.81‐1.56) |
| Income | ||||||||||
| Low | 13.1 | 1.77 (1.34‐2.32) | 19.2 | 1.45 (1.13‐1.86) | 8.0 | 1.05 (0.75‐1.48) | 4.4 | 1.88 (1.19‐2.99) | 30.5 | 1.41 (1.13‐1.74) |
| Medium | 9.2 | 1.32 (1.01‐1.73) | 14.5 | 1.16 (0.93‐1.44) | 7.1 | 1.11 (0.85‐1.44) | 2.9 | 1.32 (0.82‐2.11) | 25.4 | 1.23 (1.04‐1.44) |
| High | 6.9 | 1 | 12.3 | 1 | 6.2 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 21.3 | 1 |
| Urbanicity | ||||||||||
| Very low | 6.4 | 1 | 10.3 | 1 | 3.4 | 1 | 1.9 | 1 | 16.5 | 1 |
| Low | 7.7 | 1.20 (0.70‐2.06) | 10.9 | 1.04 (0.70‐1.55) | 5.2 | 1.54 (0.77‐3.09) | 2.5 | 1.27 (0.62‐2.58) | 20.4 | 1.27 (0.92‐1.74) |
| Medium | 7.5 | 1.14 (0.62‐2.07) | 14.4 | 1.42 (0.91‐2.19) | 6.5 | 1.92 (0.95‐3.88) | 3.3 | 1.71 (0.85‐3.44) | 23.2 | 1.47 (1.04‐2.07) |
| High | 10.8 | 1.73 (1.02‐2.93) | 17.3 | 1.77 (1.20‐2.60) | 6.0 | 1.81 (0.92‐3.54) | 3.3 | 1.69 (0.86‐3.30) | 27.3 | 1.85 (1.38‐2.49) |
| Very high | 12.7 | 1.94 (1.17‐3.23) | 18.2 | 1.78 (1.19‐2.66) | 11.6 | 3.22 (1.57‐6.60) | 4.0 | 1.95 (0.99‐3.84) | 33.0 | 2.24 (1.63‐3.07) |
| p for linearity | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.01 | <0.05 | <0.001 | |||||
| Country of origin | ||||||||||
| Dutch | 9.3 | 1 | 14.5 | 1 | 7.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 1 | 24.9 | 1 |
| Non‐Dutch | 12.3 | 1.23 (0.92‐1.65) | 18.7 | 1.21 (0.98‐1.50) | 7.8 | 0.99 (0.78‐1.25) | 3.9 | 1.19 (0.75‐1.90) | 30.2 | 1.15 (0.96‐1.38) |
Data were weighted based on post‐stratification to facilitate generalization to Dutch population. Significant values of aOR or p for linearity (<0.05) are highlighted in bold prints. Urbanicity: very low, <500 addresses per km2; low, 500‐1,000 addresses per km2; medium, 1,000‐1,500 addresses per km2; high, 1,500‐2,500 addresses per km2; very high, ≥2,500 addresses per km2. ADHD – attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder.