Table 3.
Biochemical and Histological Phenotypes in Complication Models of DKD and NADKD
| Type | Animal Model | Treatment | Strain | Ob | HBS | HBP | HTC | HC | PRO | Early Glomerular Pathology | Advanced Glomerular Pathology | TIF | GFR (#) | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mesangial Matrix Expansion | GBM Thickening | Fibrosis or Mild Sclerosis | Nodular/Diffuse Sclerosis | Arterial Hyalinosis | |||||||||||||
| DKD × HBP | eNOS−/−/db/db mice | eNOSKO | BKS | + | + | + | - | + | +a | + | + | + | + / + | ± | ± | +b | [152,153,162] |
| DKD × Atherosclerosis | IDOL-AAV-DJ/8-ob/ob mice | HFHC | BTBR (ob/ob) | + | + | NA | + | + | +a | +b | + | + | ± / + | + | ± | - | [166] |
| NADKD × Atherosclerosis | HFD-ApoE−/− mice | HFD | B6 | + | + | NA | + | + | ± | + | NA | + | - / - | - | + | - | [169] |
Notes: +, positive; -, negative; ±, weakly positive or inconsistent results; NA, not available; a, > 10-fold; b, > 50%; #, vs normal value.
Abbreviations: DKD, diabetic kidney disease; NADKD, normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease; Ob, Obesity; HBS, high blood sugar; HBP, high blood pressure; HTG, high triglycerides; HC, high cholesterol; PRO, Proteinuria; GMB, glomerular basement membrane; TIF, tubulointerstitial fibrosis; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Ref., references; KO, knockout; HFD, high-fat diet; HFHC high-fat-high-cholesterol diet.