(A) Schematic of experimental paradigm with a freely-running head-fixed mouse, lick spout, visual stimulation, and 473 nm optogenetic stimulation. (B) Schematic of visual detection task. (C) Psychometric responses for a representative mouse injected with saline. Darker shade indicates control trials, lighter shade indicates trials with light pulse. The C50 is represented by vertical lines. (D) Psychometric responses for a representative mouse injected with the GtACR2 opsin for VIP inhibition upon light stimulation. (E) False alarm rates for control (saline) and GtACR2 mice. (F) C50 shift (light off C50 – light on C50) for control and GtACR2 animals for small (20°) and large (100°) diameter stimuli. (G) Cohen’s d effect size for small (20°) and large (100°) stimuli. 100° stimulus experiments: n = 7 control, 8 GtACR2 mice. 20° stimulus experiments: n = 4 control, 3 GtACR2 mice. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, Student’s t-test.