Figure 4.

Biological pathways-biomarkers interaction networks for five major eye diseases. The yellow points meant the biomarkers, and they were connected by the enriched pathways, which were presented as blue points. (A) Glaucoma biomarkers were mapped on the HIF-1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. (B) DR biomarkers were enriched on 57 pathways, and the Malaria, Rheumatoid arthritis, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were the three most significant pathways. (C) For AMD, the Focal adhesion, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and Rap1 signaling pathway were the most significant pathways. (D) The Extracellular matrix organization was the only enriched pathway for RE. (E) In cataracts, the Longevity regulating pathway was the only significant pathway.