TABLE. Characteristics of adults aged ≥18 years who reported tobacco product use “every day” or “some days,” by tobacco product and quit ratios — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2021.
| Characteristic | Tobacco product use,* % (95% CI)† |
Quit ratio§§§ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any tobacco product§ | Combustible tobacco product¶ | Cigarettes** | Cigars†† | Pipes§§ | E-cigarettes¶¶ | Smokeless tobacco products*** | Two or more tobacco products††† | ||
|
Overall
|
18.7
(18.1–19.4)
|
14.5
(14.0–15.1)
|
11.5
(11.1–12.0)
|
3.5
(3.2–3.8)
|
0.9
(0.8–1.1)
|
4.5
(4.2–4.9)
|
2.1
(1.9–2.4)
|
3.4
(3.1–3.7)
|
66.5
(65.4–67.7)
|
|
Sex
| |||||||||
| Men |
24.1
(23.2–25.1) |
18.2
(17.4–19.0) |
13.1
(12.4–13.9) |
6.2
(5.7–6.7) |
1.2
(1.0–1.5) |
5.1
(4.7–5.6) |
4.2
(3.7–4.6) |
4.8
(4.4–5.3) |
67.4
(65.9–69.0) |
| Women |
13.6
(13.0–14.3) |
11.1
(10.4–11.7) |
10.1
(9.5–10.7) |
1.0
(0.8–1.2) |
0.7
(0.5–0.9) |
4.0
(3.6–4.4) |
0.2
(0.2–0.3) |
2.1
(1.8–2.4) |
65.4
(63.8–66.9) |
|
Age group, yrs
| |||||||||
| 18–24 |
17.0
(15.1–19.1) |
8.5
(7.1–10.0) |
5.3
(4.3–6.6) |
3.1
(2.2–4.2) |
1.5
(1.0–2.3) |
11.0
(9.4–12.7) |
1.4
(0.8–2.2) |
4.3
(3.3–5.5) |
50.3
(42.0–58.6) |
| 25–44 |
22.1
(21.0–23.2) |
16.8
(15.9–17.9) |
12.6
(11.8–13.5) |
4.9
(4.4–5.5) |
1.6
(1.3–1.9) |
6.5
(5.9–7.1) |
2.5
(2.1–2.9) |
5.1
(4.5–5.7) |
59.0
(56.7–61.2) |
| 45–64 |
21.1
(20.0–22.2) |
17.5
(16.5–18.5) |
14.9
(14.0–15.9) |
3.5
(3.0–3.9) |
0.4
(0.3–0.6) |
2.7
(2.3–3.1) |
2.8
(2.4–3.3) |
2.9
(2.5–3.3) |
62.1
(60.4–63.9) |
| ≥65 |
11.0
(10.3–11.8) |
9.8
(9.0–10.6) |
8.3
(7.6–9.0) |
1.7
(1.4–2.0) |
0.4
(0.3–0.5) |
0.9
(0.7–1.1) |
0.9
(0.7–1.2) |
1.1
(0.8–1.4) |
81.9
(80.5–83.3) |
|
Race and ethnicity
¶¶¶
| |||||||||
| AI/AN, non-Hispanic |
—**** |
—**** |
—**** |
—**** |
—**** |
—**** |
—**** |
—**** |
—**** |
| Asian, non-Hispanic |
8.6
(7.0–10.5) |
7.0
(5.5–8.8) |
5.4
(4.1–6.9) |
1.2
(0.7–1.9) |
0.9
(0.5–1.6) |
2.9
(2.0–4.0) |
0.3
(0.1–0.7) |
1.8
(1.1–2.8) |
70.1
(63.6–76.2) |
| Black or African American, non-Hispanic |
18.1
(16.4–20.0) |
16.4
(14.7–18.2) |
11.7
(10.3–13.2) |
5.1
(4.0–6.3) |
2.0
(1.4–2.8) |
2.4
(1.8–3.2) |
0.9
(0.5–1.4) |
3.4
(2.6–4.3) |
53.7
(49.5–57.9) |
| White, non-Hispanic |
21.2
(20.4–22.0) |
15.9
(15.2–16.6) |
12.9
(12.3–13.6) |
3.7
(3.4–4.0) |
0.8
(0.6–0.9) |
5.2
(4.8–5.7) |
2.9
(2.6–3.2) |
3.8
(3.4–4.1) |
67.9
(66.6–69.2) |
| Hispanic |
12.4
(11.2–13.6) |
9.9
(8.8–11.0) |
7.7
(6.8–8.7) |
2.5
(1.9–3.1) |
0.9
(0.6–1.2) |
3.3
(2.8–4.0) |
0.8
(0.5–1.2) |
2.2
(1.7–2.7) |
67.7
(64.4–70.8) |
| Other, non-Hispanic |
25.6
(21.2–30.4) |
18.0
(14.2–22.3) |
14.9
(11.4–19.0) |
5.2
(2.8–8.6) |
1.1
(0.3–2.5) |
8.9
(6.2–12.4) |
1.2
(0.5–2.4) |
5.1
(2.7–8.6) |
61.5
(53.5–69.2) |
|
U.S. Census Bureau region††††
| |||||||||
| Northeast |
16.2
(14.6–17.8) |
13.5
(12.1–15.0) |
10.4
(9.2–11.7) |
3.5
(2.8–4.4) |
0.8
(0.5–1.1) |
3.2
(2.6–3.9) |
1.2
(0.8–1.6) |
2.5
(1.8–3.3) |
69.1
(66.0–72.1) |
| Midwest |
22.1
(20.7–23.7) |
17.2
(16.0–18.5) |
14.0
(12.9–15.2) |
4.0
(3.4–4.6) |
0.8
(0.5–1.1) |
4.6
(3.9–5.4) |
3.2
(2.7–3.9) |
3.8
(3.2–4.4) |
64.0
(61.8–66.1) |
| South |
19.7
(18.6–20.8) |
15.4
(14.4–16.3) |
12.4
(11.6–13.2) |
3.7
(3.3–4.2) |
1.1
(0.8–1.4) |
4.7
(4.2–5.3) |
2.3
(1.9–2.7) |
3.8
(3.4–4.3) |
64.6
(62.7–66.4) |
| West |
16.0
(14.9–17.1) |
11.5
(10.6–12.5) |
8.9
(8.0–9.8) |
2.8
(2.4–3.3) |
1.0
(0.8–1.4) |
5.2
(4.5–5.9) |
1.6
(1.3–2.0) |
3.0
(2.6–3.5) |
70.9
(68.5–73.2) |
|
Urbanization level§§§§
| |||||||||
| Urban |
17.5
(16.9–18.2) |
13.6
(13.1–14.2) |
10.5
(10.0–11.1) |
3.5
(3.2–3.8) |
0.9
(0.8–1.1) |
4.4
(4.1–4.8) |
1.8
(1.6–2.0) |
3.1
(2.8–3.4) |
68.1
(66.8–69.4) |
| Rural |
26.2
(24.4–28.1) |
20.1
(18.5–21.7) |
18.0
(16.5–19.6) |
3.5
(2.7–4.4) |
0.9
(0.6–1.4) |
5.3
(4.4–6.3) |
4.5
(3.8–5.3) |
5.1
(4.3–6.0) |
58.9
(56.5–61.3) |
|
Educational attainment, adults aged ≥25 yrs
| |||||||||
| 0–12 yrs, no diploma |
23.6
(21.5–25.8) |
21.2
(19.2–23.3) |
20.1
(18.2–22.1) |
2.8
(2.0–3.7) |
0.4
(0.2–0.8) |
3.0
(2.2–4.1) |
1.7
(1.2–2.3) |
3.7
(2.8–4.7) |
54.5
(50.9–58.1) |
| GED |
39.0
(34.2–44.1) |
33.6
(28.9–38.4) |
30.7
(26.2–35.5) |
5.2
(3.2–8.0) |
0.9
(0.3–2.2) |
6.4
(4.4–9.0) |
5.4
(3.5–7.9) |
8.3
(6.0–11.3) |
52.0
(46.2–57.8) |
| High school diploma |
24.4
(23.1–25.8) |
19.7
(18.5–21.0) |
17.1
(15.9–18.2) |
3.4
(2.9–4.1) |
1.0
(0.7–1.4) |
4.7
(4.0–5.4) |
3.1
(2.6–3.7) |
4.3
(3.7–5.0) |
62.1
(60.0–64.2) |
| Some college, no degree |
23.3
(21.7–25.0) |
19.2
(17.6–20.8) |
16.1
(14.7–17.6) |
4.2
(3.4–5.2) |
1.1
(0.7–1.7) |
5.0
(4.2–5.9) |
2.3
(1.7–2.9) |
4.5
(3.7–5.5) |
64.2
(61.5–66.7) |
| Associate degree (academic, technical, or vocational) |
21.5
(19.9–23.2) |
16.8
(15.3–18.3) |
13.7
(12.3–15.1) |
4.0
(3.2–4.9) |
0.9
(0.6–1.3) |
4.8
(3.9–5.8) |
3.0
(2.3–3.8) |
4.1
(3.3–5.0) |
67.4
(64.6–70.2) |
| Bachelor’s degree |
12.0
(11.1–12.9) |
9.1
(8.3–9.9) |
5.3
(4.7–5.9) |
3.8
(3.3–4.4) |
0.8
(0.6–1.1) |
2.6
(2.1–3.1) |
1.6
(1.3–2.0) |
1.8
(1.4–2.1) |
80.3
(78.2–82.4) |
| Graduate degree (master's, doctoral, or professional) |
8.6
(7.6–9.6) |
6.5
(5.6–7.4) |
3.2
(2.7–3.9) |
2.9
(2.4–3.6) |
0.8
(0.6–1.2) |
2.0
(1.5–2.5) |
0.9
(0.6–1.3) |
1.2
(0.8–1.6) |
86.3
(83.7–88.6) |
|
Marital status
| |||||||||
| Married or living with partner |
17.5
(16.7–18.2) |
13.4
(12.7–14.1) |
10.4
(9.8–11.1) |
3.4
(3.1–3.8) |
0.7
(0.6–0.9) |
3.7
(3.3–4.1) |
2.3
(2.0–2.6) |
2.8
(2.4–3.1) |
71.1
(69.7–72.5) |
| Divorced, separated, or widowed |
21.3
(20.1–22.5) |
18.7
(17.6–19.8) |
16.8
(15.7–17.9) |
2.9
(2.4–3.4) |
0.6
(0.4–0.9) |
3.5
(2.9–4.1) |
2.0
(1.7–2.5) |
3.7
(3.2–4.3) |
64.1
(62.1–66.1) |
| Single, never married, or not living with partner |
20.1
(18.8–21.5) |
14.5
(13.4–15.7) |
10.9
(9.9–11.8) |
4.2
(3.6–4.9) |
1.8
(1.4–2.2) |
7.5
(6.6–8.4) |
1.7
(1.4–2.1) |
4.8
(4.2–5.5) |
51.6
(48.7–54.5) |
|
Income to poverty ratio (income level)¶¶¶¶
| |||||||||
| 0–1.99 (low) |
24.7
(23.4–26.1) |
20.6
(19.4–21.8) |
18.3
(17.2–19.5) |
3.4
(2.9–4.0) |
1.2
(0.9–1.6) |
5.9
(5.2–6.6) |
1.9
(1.6–2.4) |
5.0
(4.5–5.7) |
46.1
(42.4–9.8) |
| 2.00–3.99 (middle) |
18.9
(17.9–20.0) |
14.8
(13.9–15.8) |
12.3
(11.5–13.3) |
3.1
(2.6–3.6) |
0.9
(0.6–1.1) |
4.6
(4.0–5.2) |
2.1
(1.7–2.5) |
3.5
(3.0–4.1) |
56.9
(54.4–9.5) |
| ≥4.00 (high) |
14.8
(14.0–15.6) |
10.5
(9.8–11.1) |
6.7
(6.2–7.3) |
3.8
(3.4–4.3) |
0.8
(0.6–1.0) |
3.6
(3.2–4.1) |
2.3
(2.0–2.7) |
2.3
(2.0–2.6) |
72.5
(71.2–73.8) |
|
Sexual orientation
| |||||||||
| Heterosexual or straight |
18.4
(17.7–19.1) |
14.3
(13.8–14.9) |
11.4
(10.9–11.9) |
3.5
(3.2–3.8) |
0.9
(0.7–1.0) |
4.1
(3.8–4.5) |
2.2
(2.0–2.5) |
3.2
(3.0–3.5) |
66.9
(65.7–68.1) |
| Lesbian, gay, or bisexual |
27.4
(24.1–30.9) |
18.8
(16.1–21.6) |
15.3
(12.9–17.9) |
4.1
(2.8–5.8) |
2.3
(1.3–3.7) |
13.2
(10.6–16.1) |
1.2
(0.6–2.1) |
7.2
(5.4–9.3) |
61.3
(55.9–66.5) |
|
Health insurance coverage*****
| |||||||||
| Private |
16.2
(15.5–17.0) |
11.7
(11.1–12.3) |
8.6
(8.1–9.1) |
3.5
(3.1–3.8) |
0.7
(0.6–0.9) |
4.1
(3.8–4.5) |
2.3
(2.0–2.6) |
2.6
(2.3–2.9) |
72.4
(71.0–73.8) |
| Medicaid |
28.1
(26.1–30.1) |
24.1
(22.2–26.0) |
21.5
(19.9–23.3) |
3.7
(3.0–4.6) |
1.6
(1.1–2.2) |
6.7
(5.6–8.0) |
1.8
(1.2–2.5) |
5.9
(4.9–7.0) |
46.7
(43.6–49.8) |
| Medicare only (age ≥65 yrs) |
10.7
(9.4–12.0) |
9.8
(8.6–11.0) |
8.4
(7.3–9.6) |
1.4
(1.0–1.9) |
0.4
(0.2–0.8) |
0.9
(0.5–1.3) |
0.8
(0.5–1.2) |
1.2
(0.7–1.8) |
81.1
(78.6–83.4) |
| Other public insurance |
21.6
(19.3–24.1) |
17.2
(15.1–19.5) |
13.9
(12.0–16.0) |
4.4
(3.2–6.0) |
1.1
(0.6–1.9) |
4.1
(3.0–5.5) |
2.3
(1.5–3.3) |
3.9
(2.8–5.4) |
71.1
(67.3–74.7) |
| None |
28.4
(26.1–30.9) |
23.5
(21.5–25.6) |
20.0
(18.1–22.1) |
5.0
(4.0–6.1) |
2.0
(1.3–2.9) |
7.2
(6.0–8.7) |
2.5
(1.9–3.3) |
7.1
(5.9–8.5) |
43.8
(40.1–47.6) |
|
Disability†††††
| |||||||||
| Yes |
24.2
(22.3–26.2) |
20.4
(18.7–22.2) |
18.5
(16.8–20.2) |
3.4
(2.6–4.3) |
1.1
(0.7–1.6) |
4.7
(3.7–5.9) |
1.7
(1.2–2.4) |
4.2
(3.4–5.3) |
64.0
(61.2–66.8) |
| No |
18.2
(17.5–18.8) |
13.9
(13.4–14.5) |
10.9
(10.4–11.4) |
3.5
(3.2–3.8) |
0.9
(0.8–1.1) |
4.5
(4.2–4.9) |
2.2
(1.9–2.4) |
3.3
(3.0–3.6) |
66.9
(65.7–68.1) |
|
Serious psychological distress§§§§§
| |||||||||
| Yes |
37.6
(34.0–41.3) |
32.1
(28.6–35.7) |
28.1
(24.8–31.6) |
6.5
(4.7–8.6) |
2.7
(1.6–4.4) |
10.4
(8.2–12.9) |
1.7
(1.0–2.9) |
9.8
(7.7–12.2) |
45.3
(40.2–50.5) |
| No | 18.0 (17.4–18.7) | 13.9 (13.3–14.4) | 10.9 (10.4–11.4) | 3.4 (3.1–3.7) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) | 2.2 (1.9–2.4) | 3.1 (2.9–3.4) | 67.7 (66.6–68.9) |
Abbreviations: AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; CHIP = Children’s Health Insurance Program; e-cigarettes = electronic cigarettes; GED = general educational development certificate; NCHS = National Center for Health Statistics; NHIS = National Health Interview Survey.
* Smoking and tobacco product use refers to use of commercial tobacco products and not to tobacco used for medicinal and spiritual purposes by some American Indian communities.
† 95% Korn-Graubard CIs. NCHS data presentation standards. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_175.pdf
§ Any tobacco use was defined as use either “every day” or “some days” of at least one tobacco product. For cigarettes, users were defined as adults who reported use either “every day” or “some days” and had smoked ≥100 cigarettes during their lifetime.
¶ Any combustible tobacco use was defined as use either “every day” or “some days” of at least one combustible tobacco product: cigarettes; cigars, cigarillos, filtered little cigars; pipes, water pipes, or hookah. For cigarettes, users were defined as adults who reported use either “every day” or “some days” and had smoked 100 or more cigarettes during their lifetime.
** Current cigarette smoking was defined as smoking 100 or more cigarettes during a person’s lifetime and now smoking cigarettes “every day” or “some days.”
†† Current cigar smoking was defined as smoking cigars, cigarillos, or little filtered cigars at least once during a person’s lifetime and now smoking at least one of these products “every day” or “some days.”
§§ Current pipe smoking was defined as smoking tobacco in a regular pipe, water pipe, or hookah at least once during a person’s lifetime and now smoking at least one of these products “every day” or “some days.”
¶¶ Current e-cigarette use was defined as using e-cigarettes at least once during a person’s lifetime and now using e-cigarettes “every day” or “some days.”
*** Current smokeless tobacco product use was defined as using chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, or dissolvable tobacco at least once during a person’s lifetime and now using at least one of these products “every day” or “some days.”
††† Current multiple tobacco product use was defined as use “every day” or “some days” for two or more of the following tobacco products: cigarettes (100 or more cigarettes during a person’s lifetime); cigars, cigarillos, filtered little cigars; pipes, water pipes, or hookah; e-cigarettes; or smokeless tobacco products.
§§§ Quit ratio is the percentage of persons who ever smoked (100 or more cigarettes during their lifetime) who have quit smoking.
¶¶¶ Hispanic persons could be of any race. All other groups were non-Hispanic. The following four non-Hispanic single-race categories were available for sampled adults in the 2021 NHIS public use files: 1) AI/AN; 2) Asian; 3) Black or African American; and 4), White. The “non-Hispanic, other” category includes those adults who were categorized as “non-Hispanic AI/AN and any other group” or “other single and multiple races.”
**** Based on NCHS data presentation standards, estimates were statistically unreliable (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_175.pdf). SAS MACRO used to suppress criteria check. https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/support/en/sas-global-forum-proceedings/2019/3659-2019.pdf
†††† https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf
§§§§ Urbanization level (termed metropolitan statistical area in a previous report) is based on the 2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_166.pdf). Note that the original variable for urbanization level in the NHIS public use data files is four levels; for this report, the four-level variable has been reduced to a dichotomous variable.
¶¶¶¶ Ratio of family income to poverty threshold for family size based on the imputed family income to poverty threshold variable (29,482).
***** Private coverage: adults who had any comprehensive private insurance plan (including health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations). Medicaid: adults aged <65 years; includes those who did not have private coverage but had Medicaid or other state-sponsored health plans, including CHIP. For adults aged ≥65 years, those who did not have any private coverage but had Medicare and Medicaid or other state-sponsored health plans were categorized as having Medicaid. Medicare only: adults aged ≥65 years who only had Medicare coverage. Other coverage: adults who did not have private insurance, Medicaid, or other public coverages, but who had any type of military coverage, coverage from other government programs, or Medicare (adults aged <65 years). Uninsured: adults who did not indicate at the time of interview that they were covered under private health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, a state-sponsored health plan, other government programs, or military coverage. Insurance coverage is “as of time of survey.”
††††† Disability was defined based on self-reported presence of selected limitations including vision, hearing, mobility, remembering or concentrating, self-care, and communication. Respondents who indicated “A lot of difficulty” or “Cannot do at all/unable to do” to at least one of the following six questions: “Do you have difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?,” “Do you have difficulty hearing, even when using a hearing aid?,” “Do you have any difficulty walking or climbing steps?,” “Using your usual language, do you have difficulty communicating, for example, understanding or being understood?,” “Do you have difficulty remembering or concentrating?,” or “Do you have difficulty with self-care, such as washing all over or dressing?” were coded as living with a disability; those who responded “no difficulty” or “some difficulty” to all six questions were coded as no disability. These six questions are based on the short set of questions recommended by the Washington Group on Disability Statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/washington_group/index.htm
§§§§§ Serious psychological distress was assessed using a set of questions from the six-item Kessler (K6) scale (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22351472/) that asks sampled adults to assess the frequency of six characteristics (sadness, nervousness, restlessness, hopelessness, feeling that everything was an effort, and worthlessness) experienced within the previous 30 days. https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/NHIS/2021/srvydesc-508.pdf