Summary of findings 4. Cytisine versus nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.
| Cytisine versus nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation | ||||||
| Patient or population: people who smoke tobacco Setting: participants' homes (participants were callers to a national Quitline) Intervention: cytisine Comparison: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with NRT | Corresponding risk with cytisine | |||||
|
Smoking abstinence at longest follow‐up (6+ months) |
153 per 1000 |
218 per 1000 (173 to 275) |
RR 1.43 (1.13 to 1.80) |
1310 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝a,b Low |
|
|
SAEs |
60 per 1000 |
68 per 1000 (45 to 104) |
RR 1.15 (0.76 to 1.75) |
1310 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝a,c Very low |
|
|
Neuropsychiatric SAEs |
No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | |
|
Cardiac SAEs |
No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). The assumed risk in the comparison group is calculated as the median risk in control groups. CI: confidence interval; NRT: nicotine replacement therapy; RR: risk ratio; SAE: serious adverse event | ||||||
|
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate; the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited; the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate; the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aDowngraded one level because of risk of bias: sole study at high risk. bDowngraded one level because of imprecision: fewer than 300 events in the analysis. cDowngraded two levels because of imprecision: CI incorporates clinically significant benefit and clinically significant harm.