Loldrup 1989.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: parallel Duration: 6 weeks Assessment: baseline and post‐intervention Country: Denmark
Participants	Pain condition: idiopathic pain syndromes: (a) tension headache, (b) burning mouth syndrome (oral dysaesthesia), (c) abdominal pain (gastroscopy negative for ulcer), and (d) low back pain Population: people with idiopathic pain syndromes Minimum pain intensity: no Inclusion criteria Pain from 1 of the 4 conditions listed above Exclusion criteria Physical health comorbidies Excluded severe psychiatric conditions but included depression and anxiety Total participants randomised: 253 Age in years (median, range): 51.0 (17‐80) Gender: 185/253 were female Pain duration in years (median, range): 60.0 (6‐636)
Interventions	Placebo n = 87 Inert Clomipramine 75‐150 mg n = 84 Fixed dose of either 75 mg or 150 mg dependent upon side effects Mean dose: 125 mg/day Mianserin 30‐60 mg n = 82 Fixed dose of either 30 mg or 60 mg dependent upon side effects Mean dose: 45 mg/day
Outcomes	Substantial pain Withdrawal
Missing data methods	Completer analysis only
Funding source	Non‐pharmaceutical: "This study was financially supported by: Danish Medical Research Council, Danish Medical Research Council‐Region‐III, Kleins legat, Geerd Jorgensens fond, Lundbeck Fonden, Mimi and Victor Larsens Fond, Danish Dental Association (FUT‐foundation), Bryde Nielsen Fond, P. Carl Petersens Fond, Ciba Geigy A/S, and Organon."
Conflicts of interest	"Per Bech has occasionally over the past 3 years until August 2008 received funding from and been speaker or member of advisory boards for pharmaceutical companies with an interest in drug treatment of affective disorders (Astra‐Zeneca, Lilly, H. Lundbeck A/S, Lundbeck Foundation, Organon). All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests."
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Participants were randomised by use of random numbers
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Allocation procedure not specified
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind, identical study drugs and dosing
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Self‐reported outcomes from blinded participants
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Completer analysis only Attrition Total: 75/253 (29.6%) Placebo: 15/87 (17.2%) Clomipramine 75‐100 mg: 28/84 (33.3%) Mianserin 30‐60 mg: 28/82 (34.2%)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol or trial registration found
Other bias	Low risk	No other sources of bias were identified.