Ward 1986.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: parallel Duration: 4 weeks Assessment: baseline and post‐intervention Country: USA
Participants	Pain condition: low back pain Population: adults with chronic low back pain and diagnosed with depressive mood (major affective disorder, unipolar depression, dysthymic disorder) Minimum pain intensity: ≥ 4 on 0‐10 scale Inclusion criteria Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores of ≥ 18 and were diagnosed as having major affective disorder, unipolar depression or dysthymic disorder Stable, chronic low back pain lasting ≥ 6 months, for ≥ 40% of waking hours, with an average severity of ≥ 4 on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable) Exclusion criteria Candidate for back surgery Total participants randomised: NR Age in years (mean): 40.2 Gender: 17/35 were female Pain duration in years (mean, SD): NR
Interventions	Doxepin TCA Flexible dosing: started at 50 mg/day Mean dose: 188 mg/day Desipramine TCA Flexible dosing: started at 50 mg/day Mean dose: 173 mg/day
Outcomes	Study reports no useable data
Missing data methods	Completer analysis
Funding source	NR
Conflicts of interest	NR
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomisation methods NR
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Allocation procedures NR
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information given regarding blinding procedures
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Self‐reported outcomes by participants but unsure of blinding procedures
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Completer analysis only. Do not report number of participants randomised, reasons for dropouts, from which arms, etc.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	No protocol or trial registration found. Didn't plan to combine data from both arms until they found no significant differences between arms.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Combined data from both arms in the paper