Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics at Enrollment Across the 3 Groups
| Characteristics | HLH-IRIS (n = 26) |
IRIS (n = 28) |
No IRIS (n = 26) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 37 (33.3–41.8) | 38.5 (29.8–45.3) | 40 (37.3–44.8) | .27 |
| Female, n (%) | 12 (46.2) | 6 (21.4) | 10 (38.5) | .15 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.8 (18.9–24.8) | 22.1 (20.2–24.1) | 23.1 (21–26.4) | .24 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| ȃWhite/Hispanic | 5 (19.2) | 9 (32.1) | 6 (23.1) | .53 |
| ȃBlack | 21 (80.8) | 12 (42.9) | 17 (65.4) | .015 |
| ȃOthera | 0 (0) | 7 (25) | 3 (11.5) | .021 |
| Mycobacteria, n (%) | ||||
| ȃMycobacterium tuberculosis | 14 (53.8) | 8 (28.6) | 15 (57.7) | .064 |
| ȃMycobacterium avium | 10 (38.5) | 17 (60.7) | 6 (23.1) | .018 |
| ȃOtherb | 2 (7.7) | 3 (10.7) | 4 (15.4) | .76 |
| Disseminated mycobacterial infection , n (%) | 19 (73.1) | 16 (57.1) | 13 (50) | .22 |
| Histoplasmosis, n (%) | 4 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | … |
| Malignancy, n (%) | ||||
| ȃLymphoma | 0 (0) | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0) | … |
| ȃKaposi sarcoma | 2 (7.7) | 2 (7.1) | 1 (3.8) | … |
| ȃKSHV (MCD, KICS) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | … |
| CD4 T cells/µL prior to antiretroviral treatment | 44 (9–66) | 30 (13–45) | 35 (17–79) | .45 |
| CD4 T cells/µLc | 91 (62–171) | 114 (49.5–160) | 101 (44.5–156) | .88 |
| CD8 T cells/µLc | 387 (274–744) | 598 (335–802) | 623 (427–1014) | .51 |
| CD4-to-CD8 T-cell ratioc | 0.18 (0.05–0.36) | 0.20 (0.12–0.32) | 0.17 (0.09–0.35) | .66 |
| C-reactive protein,c mg/L | 87.6 (33.5–135) | 47.3 (24.7–89.9) | 8.0 (4.0–15.3) | <.001 |
| Ferritin,c,d ng/mL | 1383 (1002–1756) | 265 (135–582) | 242 (86.5–625) | <.001 |
Data represent medians with interquartile ranges (age) and frequencies (female sex, race, mycobacteria, disseminated infection). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare continuous variables between the groups, while the Pearson's χ2 test was used to compare frequencies. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; IRIS, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; KICS, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome; KSHV, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus; MCD, multicentric Castleman's disease.
Other races include White/Caucasian (n = 8) and Asian (n = 2).
Other mycobacterial infections were due to Mycobacterium kansasii (n = 6), Mycobacterium genavense (n = 2), Mycobacterium marinum (n = 1), and Mycobacterium bovis (n = 1).
Laboratory values from the IRIS time point or equivalent week 4 time point.
Healthy control range for ferritin: men—12–300 ng/mL; women—12–150 ng/mL.