Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics by Group
| HIV+ Heroin+ (n = 24) | HIV+ Heroin− (n = 21) | HIV− Heroin+ (n = 59) | HIV− Heroin− (n = 16) | P Value Overall | P Value Heroin+ vs Heroin− | P Value HIV+ vs HIV− | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 47.1(33.1, 55.4) | 49.6(38.8, 53.8) | 38(32.7, 46.6) | 41.6(33.9, 51.4) | .18 | .22 | .04 |
| Male, n (%) | 18 (75) | 15 (71) | 40 (68) | 14 (88) | <.01 | <.01 | .28 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| ȃWhite, not Hispanic | 12 (50) | 3 (14) | 41 (69) | 14 (88) | |||
| ȃBlack, not Hispanic | 3 (13) | 15 (71) | 6 (10) | 1 (6) | |||
| ȃOther, not Hispanic | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | |||
| ȃHispanic, regardless of race | 9 (38) | 1 (5) | 10 (17) | 1 (6) | |||
| Current or past smoker, n (%) | 24 (100) | 16 (76) | 59 (100) | 7 (44) | <.01 | <.01 | .88 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3 (21.8, 25.4) | 27.2 (23.7, 28.4) | 24.6 (22.5, 28.1) | 28.2 (25.9, 29.7) | .01 | <.01 | .28 |
| Hypertension diagnosis, n (%) | 3 (13) | 6 (29) | 8 (14) | 1 (6) | .25 | .42 | .23 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 88 (70, 106) | 106 (76, 126) | 93 (75, 113) | 117 (92, 133) | .02 | <.01 | .5 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 40 (35, 45) | 44 (32, 54) | 46 (37, 53) | 49 (40, 55) | .1 | .36 | .06 |
| On statin, n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (38) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 |
| ASCVD risk | 4.3 (3.4, 6.8) | 4.8 (3.1, 6.2) | 3.6 (1.9, 5.6) | 1.2 (1, 5.1) | .02 | .71 | .01 |
| Chronic hepatitis C, n (%) | 13 (54) | 0 (0) | 32 (54) | 0 (0) | <.01 | <.01 | .13 |
| CD4+ count, cells/mm3 | 562 (276, 784) | 767 (621, 1036) | … | … | .02 | ||
| Nadir CD4+ count, cells/mm3 | 251 (99, 523) | 212 (110, 280) | … | … | .37 | ||
| HIV RNA ≤400 copies/mL, n (%) | 22 (92) | 21 (100) | … | … | .18 | ||
| HIV duration, y | 11.6 (6.7, 19.3) | 14.1 (8.1, 19) | … | … | .72 | ||
| Antiretroviral duration, y | 6.1 (2.3, 13.1) | 9.1 (7.2, 13.8) | … | … | .08 | ||
| Heroin route, n (%) | .51 | ||||||
| ȃIntravenous | 18 (75) | … | 48 (81) | … | |||
| ȃIntranasal | 6 (25) | … | 11 (19) | … | |||
| Current substance use, n (%) | |||||||
| ȃMarijuana | 12 (50) | 16 (76) | 35 (59) | 4 (25) | .01 | .79 | .28 |
| ȃCocaine | 9 (38) | 2 (10) | 22 (37) | 2 (13) | .03 | <.01 | .38 |
| ȃAmphetamines | 3 (13) | 0 (0) | 8 (14) | 0 (0) | .14 | .02 | .46 |
| ȃHallucinogens | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (6) | .39 | .55 | .27 |
N = 120. Values shown are median (interquartile range) and frequency (column %) for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. P values are from Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and chi-square, Fisher's exact, or Pearson's exact chi-square tests for categorical variables, as appropriate. Current substance use was assessed by self-report.
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LDL, low density lipoprotein.