Table 1.
Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics
| Definite Endocarditis Cohort N = 23 |
|
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, median y (Q1, Q3) | 58.0 [37.0–65.5] |
| Female | 5 (21.7%) |
| Race | |
| Black | 1 (4.3%) |
| White | 21 (91.3%) |
| Hispanic | 1 (4.3%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Dialysis dependent | 1 (4.3%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (26.1%) |
| Injection drug use | 6 (26.1%) |
| Corticosteroid use (30 day) | 5 (21.7%) |
| APACHE II, median (Q1, Q3) | 12.0 [9.50–20.0] |
| Acute Physiology Score, median (Q1, Q3) | 10.0 [5.00–18.0] |
| True microbial etiology of endocarditis | |
| Staphylococcus aureus b | 14 (60.7%) |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 1 (4.3%) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 2 (8.7%) |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 2 (8.7%) |
| Candida albicans | 2 (8.7%) |
| Pantoea ananatis | 1 (4.3%) |
| Echocardiogram findings | |
| Transthoracic echocardiogram performed | 23 (100.0%) |
| Findings suggestive of IE present | 15 (65.2%) |
| Transesophageal echocardiogram performed | 20 (86.9%) |
| Findings suggestive of IE present | 16 (80.0%) |
| Type of endocarditis | |
| Native valve | 15 (65.2%) |
| Prosthetic valve | 5 (21.7%) |
| ICD/PM lead infectiona | 7 (30.4%) |
| Valve type | |
| Aortic | 7 (30.4%) |
| Mitral | 4 (17.4%) |
| Tricuspid | 7 (30.4%) |
| Aortic and mitral | 2 (8.7%) |
| ICD/PM lead only | 3 (13.0%) |
| Complications | |
| Septic emboli | 14 (60.9%) |
| Stroke | 4 (17.4%) |
| Vertebral osteomyelitis | 3 (13.0%) |
| Septic shock | 5 (21.7%) |
| Acute respiratory distress | 6 (26.1%) |
| Acute renal failure | 14 (60.9%) |
| Outcomes at 90 days | |
| Cured | 17 (73.9%) |
| Recurrent bacteremia | 2 (8.7%) |
| Death | 3 (13.0%) |
| Lost to follow-up | 1 (4.0%) |
Abbreviations: ICD/PM, implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker; IE, infective endocarditis; Q, quartile.
Four of the patients with pacemaker or defibrillator lead infection also had native valve involvement.
Includes 8 cases of methicillin-resistant S aureus and 6 cases of methicillin-susceptible S aureus.