Table 1.
Demographics and preoperative data
| Variable | Complete sample | Control | High output stoma | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 307 | 266 | 41 | |
| Age (yr) | 60.29 ± 13.9 | 59.7 ± 14.4 | 64.02 ± 9.5 | 0.014* |
| Male sex | 172 (56.0) | 148 (55.6) | 24 (58.5) | 0.73 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 4.7 | 25.45 ± 4.6 | 26.74 ± 5.2 | 0.14 |
| ASA PS classification | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | < 0.0001* |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 54 (17.4) | 41 (15.4) | 13 (31.7) | 0.011 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 36 (11.7) | 29 (10.9) | 7 (17.1) | 0.29 |
| Congestive heart failure | 12 (3.9) | 8 (3.0) | 4 (9.8) | 0.06 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 10 (3.3) | 3 (1.1) | 7 (17.1) | < 0.0001* |
| Cerebrovascular attack | 8 (2.6) | 8 (3.0) | 0.0 | 0.6 |
| COPD | 24 (7.8) | 18 (6.8) | 6 (14.6) | 0.11 |
| Smoking | 65 (21.2) | 56 (21.1) | 9 (22.0) | 0.94 |
| Preoperative steroids | 4 (1.3) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (7.3) | 0.008* |
| Preoperative biologics treatment | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.8) | 0.0 | 0.99 |
| Preoperative anticoagulation therapy | 15 (4.9) | 12 (4.5) | 3 (7.3) | 0.433 |
| Neoadjuvant radiotherapy | 145 (47.2) | 128 (48.1) | 17 (41.5) | 0.43 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 130 (42.3) | 112 (42.1) | 18 (43.9) | 0.99 |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Malignancy | 248 (80.8) | 213 (80.1) | 35 (85.4) | < 0.0001* |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 15 (4.9) | 15 (5.6) | 0.0 | 0.23 |
| Diverticulitis | 11 (3.6) | 9 (3.4) | 2 (4.9) | 0.65 |
| Familial adenomatous polyposis | 4 (1.3) | 4 (1.5) | 0.0 | 0.99 |
| Others | 29 (9.4) | 25 (9.4) | 4 (9.8) | 0.99 |
Values are presented as number only, mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (range).
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; PS, physical status; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*
P<0.05.